Analyzing photon density waves in a medical monitor

• US 9,433,362 B2
• Filed: 02/12/2013
• Issued: 09/06/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Baker, Clark R. Jr., McKenna, Edward M.
• Primary Examiner(s): WINAKUR, ERIC FRANK
• Application Number:
  US13/764,977
• Publication Number:
  US 20130190580A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,302 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0261 using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0295 using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3151 using two sources of radiation of different wavelengths G01N21/33 - G01N21/39 take precedence

Abstract

A monitoring system that may include an emission feature capable of emitting light into tissue, a modulator portion capable of modulating the emitter at a modulation frequency to generate photon density waves, a detection portion capable of detecting photons of the photon density waves after propagation through the tissue and capable of providing a distribution of detected photons over a time period for the photon density waves, and an analysis portion capable of calculating a skewness of the distribution and making determinations relating to a value of a physiologic parameter of the tissue based at least in part on the skewness of the distribution.

Claims

1. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having stored thereon program instructions to facilitate the determination of physiological parameters of tissue, wherein the program instructions, when executed by a computing system, direct the computing system to at least:

drive a light source to emit light at a modulation frequency to generate photon density waves;

receive a signal from a detector, wherein the signal is representative of photons of the photon density waves that have propagated through a tissue;

determine a skewness of a distribution of the photons; and

determine a physiologic parameter of the tissue based at least in part on the skewness of the distribution.

2. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the program instructions further direct the computing system to display the physiological parameter on a display.

3. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein determining the skewness comprises comparing the distribution of the photons to empirical data stored in a memory.

4. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein determining the skewness of the distribution comprises computing the skewness of the derivative of the modulated detected waveform.

5. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein determining the skewness of the distribution comprises determining a characteristic of a decay of the photons.

6. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 5, wherein the program instructions further direct the computing system to determine if light shunting is present based on at least the characteristic of the decay.

7. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the program instructions further direct the computing system to determine a blood oxygen saturation level based at least in part on an amplitude of the distribution.

8. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the program instructions further direct the computing system to calculate an estimated number of scattering particles in the tissue based at least in part on detected phase shifts.

9. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the physiological parameter is a measure of blood volume.

10. A method of analyzing tissue, comprising:

receiving a signal from a detector, wherein the signal is representative of photons of the photon density waves that have propagated through a tissue;

determining a skewness of a distribution of the photons; and

determining a physiologic parameter of the tissue based at least in part on the skewness of the distribution.

11. The method of claim 10, comprising determining the skewness by comparing the distribution of the photons to empirical data associated with tissue conditions.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein determining the skewness of the distribution of the photons comprises determining a derivative of the signal.

13. The method of claim 10, comprising enhancing a signal-to-noise level of the distribution using at least an ensemble averaging procedure.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the physiological parameter comprises a blood volume parameter.