Making mass connections in an optical circuit switch

• US 9,438,968 B2
• Filed: 07/09/2013
• Issued: 09/06/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/09/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: CALIENT Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: CALIENT Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Miglani, Jitender, Deacon, Mike, Thattai, Vijayan
• Primary Examiner(s): Payne, David
• Assistant Examiner(s): BARUA, PRANESH K
• Application Number:
  US13/938,008
• Publication Number:
  US 20150016820A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,155 Days
• Field of Search: 398/50, 398/56, 398/57
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0005 Switch and router aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2011/003 using switches based on microelectro-mechanical systems [MEMS]
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2011/0039 Electrical control

Abstract

An optical circuit switch, method, and apparatus are disclosed. The optical circuit switch may include a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element uniquely associated with a port from a plurality of ports, each mirror element coupled to a dedicated electrode and configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the dedicated electrode. A command interpreter may receive a command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch and determine a respective target voltage value to be applied to the dedicated electrode coupled to each of the mirror elements associated with each of the port-pairs. A transition manager may cause voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values.

Claims

1. An optical circuit switch, comprising:

a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a dedicated electrode, each mirror element configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the dedicated electrode;

a plurality of ports, each port uniquely associated with a corresponding mirror element from the plurality of mirror elements;

a command interpreter configured to;

receive a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from the plurality of ports,

determine respective target voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

identify one or more ports disconnected as a consequence of the mass connection command, and

determine respective default voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports; and

a transition manager configured to;

cause voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values, and

cause voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports to concurrently transition from respective initial voltage values to the respective default voltage values.

2. An optical circuit switch, comprising:

a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a dedicated electrode, each mirror element configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the dedicated electrode;

a plurality of ports, each port uniquely associated with a corresponding mirror element from the plurality of mirror elements;

a command interpreter configured to;

receive a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from the plurality of ports, and

determine respective target voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command; and

a transition manager configured to cause voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values, wherein the transition manager comprises a state machine configured to;

retrieve, from a memory, previous state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

determine respective current voltages to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command based on the respective state information; and

store, in the memory, current state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command,

the state information for each dedicated electrode including the respective initial voltage value, the respective target voltage value, and a respective step count that is incremented prior to storing the current state information.

3. The optical circuit switch of claim 2, wherein the voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command is determined using the formula:

Vn=Vi+n(Vt−

Vi)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

4. The optical circuit switch of claim 2, wherein the voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command is determined using the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+n(Vt²−

Vi²)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

5. The optical circuit switch of claim 2, wherein the voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command is determined using the formula:

Vn=Vi+k(n)(Vt−

Vi)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

6. The optical circuit switch of claim 2, wherein the voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command is determined using the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+k(n)(Vt²−

Vi²)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

7. The optical circuit switch of claim 2, wherein the voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command is determined as a nonlinear function of the respective state information.

8. A method for controlling an optical circuit switch, comprising:

receiving a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from a plurality of ports, each of the plurality of ports unique associated with a corresponding mirror element from a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a respective dedicated electrode and configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the respective dedicated electrode;

determining respective target voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values;

identifying one or more ports disconnected as a consequence of the mass connection command;

determining respective default voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports; and

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective default voltage values.

9. A method for controlling an optical circuit switch, comprising:

receiving a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from a plurality of ports, each of the plurality of ports unique associated with a corresponding mirror element from a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a respective dedicated electrode and configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the respective dedicated electrode;

retrieving, from a memory, respective previous state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

determining respective voltages to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command based on the respective state information;

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values; and

storing, in the memory, current state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command,

wherein the state information for each dedicated electrode includes the respective initial voltage value, the respective target voltage value, and a respective step count that is incremented prior to storing the current state information.

10. The method for controlling an optical circuit switch of claim 9, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn=Vi+n(Vt−

Vi)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

11. The method for controlling an optical circuit switch of claim 9, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+n(Vt²−

Vi²)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

12. The method for controlling an optical circuit switch of claim 9, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn=Vi+k(n)(Vt−

Vi)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

13. The method for controlling an optical circuit switch of claim 9, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+k(n)(Vt²−

Vi²)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

14. The method for controlling an optical circuit switch of claim 9, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection comprises determining each voltage as a nonlinear function of the respective state information.

15. Apparatus comprising a storage medium storing an optical circuit switch control program including instructions which, when executed by a processor, will cause the processor to perform actions comprising:

receiving a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from a plurality of ports, each of the plurality of ports unique associated with a corresponding mirror element from a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a respective dedicated electrode and configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the respective dedicated electrode;

determining respective target voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values;

identifying one or more ports disconnected as a consequence of the mass connection command;

determining respective default voltage values to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports; and

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the one or more disconnected ports to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective default voltage values.

16. The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising:

a processor; and

a memory,

wherein the processor and the memory comprise circuits and software for performing the instructions stored on the storage medium.

17. An apparatus comprising a storage medium storing an optical circuit switch control program including instructions which, when executed by a processor, will cause the processor to perform actions, comprising:

receiving a mass connection command defining a plurality of port-pairs to be connected via the optical circuit switch, each port-pair consisting of two ports from a plurality of ports, each of the plurality of ports unique associated with a corresponding mirror element from a plurality of mirror elements, each mirror element coupled to a respective dedicated electrode and configured to rotate in response to a voltage applied to the respective dedicated electrode;

retrieving, from a memory, respective previous state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command;

determining respective voltages to be applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command based on the respective state information;

causing voltages applied to the dedicated electrodes coupled to the mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command to concurrently transition from respective previous voltage values to the respective target voltage values; and

storing, in the memory, current state information for the dedicated electrodes coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command,

wherein the state information for each dedicated electrode includes the respective initial voltage value, the respective target voltage value, and a respective step count that is incremented prior to storing the current state information.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn=Vi+n(Vt−

Vi)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+n(Vt²−

Vi²)/N

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value; and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn=Vi+k(n)(Vt−

Vi)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection command uses the formula:

Vn²=Vi²+k(n)(Vt²−

Vi²)

where;

n=the respective step count

Vn=a respective voltage value at step n;

Vi=the respective initial voltage value;

Vt=the respective target voltage value;

k(n)=a constant retrieved from a lookup table having a value between 0 and 1, the lookup table storing K constants k(1) to k(N); and

N=a predetermined number of steps during the transition.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein determining a respective voltage to be applied to each dedicated electrode coupled to mirror elements associated with the port-pairs defined in the mass connection comprises determining each voltage as a nonlinear function of the respective state information.

23. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising:

a processor; and

a memory,

wherein the processor and the memory comprise circuits and software for performing the instructions stored on the storage medium.