Measuring and improving speech intelligibility in an enclosure

• US 9,443,533 B2
• Filed: 06/30/2014
• Issued: 09/13/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rajeev Conrad Nongpiur
• Original Assignee: Rajeev Conrad Nongpiur
• Inventors: Nongpiur, Rajeev Conrad
• Primary Examiner(s): VILLECCO, JOHN M
• Application Number:
  US14/318,720
• Publication Number:
  US 20150019212A1
• Time in Patent Office: 806 Days
• Field of Search: 704/225, 704/226, 381/94.2, 381/94.3, 381/57, 381/59, 381/71.4, 381/71.11
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0208 Noise filtering
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0232 Processing in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 21/0364 for improving intelligibility

Abstract

A method for accurately estimating and improving the speech intelligibility from a loudspeaker (LS) is disclosed. A microphone is placed in a desired position and using an adaptive filter, an estimate of the clean speech signal at the microphone is generated. By using the adaptive-filter estimate of the clean speech signal and measuring the background noise in the enclosure an accurate Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) or Articulation Index (AI) measurement at the microphone position is obtained. On the basis of the estimated speech intelligibility measurement, a decision can be made if the LS signal needs to be modified to improve the intelligibility.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting spectral characteristics of a signal, comprising:

measuring an audio signal;

calculating an index indicative of speech intelligibility of the audio signal;

comparing the index to a threshold value; and

when the index does not exceed the threshold value;

determining whether a gain of an input signal can be increased; and

when the gain of the input signal cannot be increased;

modifying a spectral shape of the input signal.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

when the gain of the input signal can be increased;

increasing the gain of the input signal.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

when the gain of the input signal cannot be increased;

decreasing the gain of the input signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the gain of the input signal can be increased includes detecting clipping of the input signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the spectral shape of the input signal includes optimally adjusting the spectral shape of the input signal to maximize the speech intelligibility for a given distortion level.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the index indicative of speech intelligibility of the audio signal is calculated based on:

an estimate of an average speech spectrum at a microphone that provides the audio signal; and

an estimate of background noise at the microphone.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

estimating the average speech spectrum at the microphone based on coefficients of a subband adaptive filter.

8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

estimating the average speech spectrum at the microphone based on an output of a subband adaptive filter.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

when the index does exceed the threshold value;

reducing a magnitude of the modification of the spectral shape.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

when the index does exceed the threshold value;

once the modifications to the spectral shape of have been removed, reducing a gain of the input signal.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the spectral shape of the input signal includes:

modifying the spectral shape of the input signal based on a first spectral mask defined for a first level of distortion.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein modifying the spectral shape of the input signal includes:

determining whether the index continues to not exceed the threshold value; and

when it is determined that the index continues to not exceed the threshold value;

modifying the spectral shape of the input signal based on a second spectral mask defined for a second level of distortion that is greater than the first level of distortion.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining an upper threshold value, wherein the threshold value is the upper threshold value; and

determining a lower threshold value that is less than the upper threshold value;

wherein;

determining whether the gain of the input signal can be increased is performed when the index does not exceed the upper threshold value and is less than the lower threshold value.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

determining an upper threshold value, wherein the threshold value is the upper threshold value;

determining a lower threshold value that is less than the upper threshold value; and

when the index exceeds the upper threshold value;

reducing a magnitude of the modification of the spectral shape.

15. A system for estimating and improving speech intelligibility over a prescribed region in an enclosure, comprising:

a plurality of microphones for receiving an audio signal;

a plurality of speakers for generating an output signal from an input signal; and

a uniform speech intelligibility controller coupled to the microphones and the speakers, the uniform speech intelligibility controller including;

a beamformer configured to receive a modified input signal, redistribute sound energy of the received input signal, and communicate signals indicative of the redistributed sound energy to the speakers;

a plurality of speech intelligibility estimators each coupled to at least one of the microphones and configured to estimate a speech intelligibility at the corresponding at least one microphone;

a speech intelligibility spatial distribution mapper coupled to the speech intelligibility estimators and configured to map the estimated speech intelligibilities across a desired region; and

a beamformer filter coefficient computation module coupled to the speech intelligibility spatial distribution mapper and configured to adjust filter coefficients of the beamformer for sound energy redistribution.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the uniform speech intelligibility controller further includes a multi-channel spectral modifier configured to receive an input signal and modify a spectrum of the input signal to generate the modified input signal.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the multi-channel spectral modifier is configured to modify the spectrum of the input signal to maximize speech intelligibility of the signals output by the speakers based on a prescribed average gain and distortion level.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the uniform speech intelligibility controller further includes a plurality of clipping detectors arranged between the multi-channel spectral modifier and the beamformer, the clipping detectors configured to determine whether signals output from the beamformer are clipping.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the uniform speech intelligibility controller further includes a plurality of limiters arranged between the beamformer and the speakers, the limiters configured to attenuate signals that exceed a predetermined dynamic range with minimal audible distortion.

20. The system of claim 15, wherein the speech intelligibility spatial distribution mapper and plurality of speech intelligibility estimators form a single module, and the multi-channel spectral modifier and the beamformer form a single module.