Wireless energy transfer
First Claim
Patent Images
1. An energy transferring system, comprising:
- a source-side resonator for receiving an energy, wherein the source-side resonator has a first resonant frequency;
an intermediate resonant module having a second resonant frequency substantially the same with the first resonant frequency, wherein the energy on the source-side resonator is coupled to the intermediate resonant module, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module, and the coupling between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module corresponds to a first coupling coefficient; and
a device-side resonator having a third resonant frequency substantially the same with the second resonant frequency, wherein the energy coupled to the intermediate resonant module is further coupled to the device-side resonator, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator, and the coupling between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator corresponds to a second coupling coefficient;
wherein the coupling between the source-side resonator and the device-side resonator corresponds to a third coupling coefficient,wherein the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator are movable relative to one another, andwherein;
the source-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
1, and an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω
1/(2Γ
1);
the device-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
2, and an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω
2/(2Γ
2);
the intermediate resonant module has a resonant frequency ω
3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
3, and an intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω
3/(2Γ
3),the first coupling coefficient is κ
1 and the second coupling coefficient is κ
2, and wherein the intrinsic loss rates satisfy κ
1/√
{square root over (Γ
1Γ
3)}>
1 and κ
2/√
{square root over (Γ
3Γ
2)}>
1 for a range of distances between the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator.
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Abstract
Disclosed is an apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, which includes a first resonator structure configured to transfer energy non-radiatively with a second resonator structure over a distance greater than a characteristic size of the second resonator structure. The non-radiative energy transfer is mediated by a coupling of a resonant field evanescent tail of the first resonator structure and a resonant field evanescent tail of the second resonator structure.
496 Citations
33 Claims
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1. An energy transferring system, comprising:
-
a source-side resonator for receiving an energy, wherein the source-side resonator has a first resonant frequency; an intermediate resonant module having a second resonant frequency substantially the same with the first resonant frequency, wherein the energy on the source-side resonator is coupled to the intermediate resonant module, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module, and the coupling between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module corresponds to a first coupling coefficient; and a device-side resonator having a third resonant frequency substantially the same with the second resonant frequency, wherein the energy coupled to the intermediate resonant module is further coupled to the device-side resonator, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator, and the coupling between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator corresponds to a second coupling coefficient; wherein the coupling between the source-side resonator and the device-side resonator corresponds to a third coupling coefficient, wherein the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator are movable relative to one another, and wherein; the source-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
1, and an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω
1/(2Γ
1);the device-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
2, and an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω
2/(2Γ
2);the intermediate resonant module has a resonant frequency ω
3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
3, and an intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω
3/(2Γ
3),the first coupling coefficient is κ
1 and the second coupling coefficient is κ
2, and wherein the intrinsic loss rates satisfy κ
1/√
{square root over (Γ
1Γ
3)}>
1 and κ
2/√
{square root over (Γ
3Γ
2)}>
1 for a range of distances between the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
-
-
16. An energy transferring method, comprising:
-
providing a source-side resonator to receive an energy; providing an intermediate resonant module, wherein the energy on the source-side resonator is coupled to the intermediate resonant module, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module, and the coupling between the source-side resonator and the intermediate resonant module corresponds to a first coupling coefficient; and providing the energy for coupling a device-side resonator to the intermediate resonant module, wherein the energy is further coupled to the device-side resonator, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator, and the coupling between the intermediate resonant module and the device-side resonator corresponds to a second coupling coefficient, wherein; the coupling between the source-side resonator and the device-side resonator corresponds to a third coupling coefficient, the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator are movable relative to one another, and the source-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
1, and an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω
1/(2Γ
1);the device-side resonator has a resonant frequency ω
2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
2, and an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω
2/(2Γ
2);the intermediate resonant module has a resonant frequency ω
3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
3, and an intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω
3/(2Γ
3),the first coupling coefficient is κ
1 and the second coupling coefficient is κ
2, and wherein the intrinsic loss rates satisfy κ
1/√
{square root over (Γ
1Γ
3)}>
1 and κ
2/√
{square root over (Γ
3Γ
2)}>
1 for a range of distances between the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
-
-
23. An energy transferring system, comprising:
-
a first resonant object for receiving an energy; a second resonant object; a third resonant object configured to transfer energy with one or more of the first and second resonator objects, wherein energy in the first resonant object is coupled to the third resonant object such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the first resonant object and the third resonant object and the energy coupled to the third resonant object is further coupled to the second resonant object such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the third resonant object and the second resonant object, the first, second, and third resonant objects having the same resonant frequency, the coupling between the first resonator object and the third resonator object corresponds to a first coupling constant, the coupling between the third resonant object and the second resonant object corresponds to a second coupling constant, and the coupling between the first resonant object and the second resonant object corresponds to a third coupling constant, wherein the first, second, and third resonant objects are movable relative to one another, and the first resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
1, and an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω
1/(2Γ
1);the second resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
2, and an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω
2/(2Γ
2);the third resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
3, and an intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω
3/(2Γ
3),the first coupling coefficient is κ
1 and the second coupling coefficient is κ
2, and wherein the intrinsic loss rates satisfy κ
1/√
{square root over (Γ
1Γ
3)}>
1 and κ
2/√
{square root over (Γ
3Γ
2)}>
1 for a range of distances between the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28)
-
-
29. An energy transferring method, comprising:
-
providing a first resonant object to receive an energy; providing a second resonant object; and providing the third resonant object, wherein the energy in the first resonant object is coupled to the third resonant object, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the first resonant object and the third resonant object and energy in the third resonant object is further coupled to the second resonant object, such that non-radiative energy transfer is performed between the third resonant object and the second resonant object, wherein the coupling between the first resonant object and the third resonant object corresponds to a first coupling constant, the coupling between the third resonant object and the second resonant object corresponds to a second coupling constant, the coupling between the first resonant object and the second resonant object corresponds to a third coupling constant, wherein the first, second, and third resonant objects are movable relative to one another, and the first resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
1, and an intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω
1/(2Γ
1);the second resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
2, and an intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω
2/(2Γ
2);the third resonant object has a resonant frequency ω
3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ
3, and an intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω
3/(2Γ
3),the first coupling coefficient is κ
1 and the second coupling coefficient is κ
2, and wherein the intrinsic loss rates satisfy κ
1/√
{square root over (Γ
1Γ
3)}>
1 and κ
2/√
{square root over (Γ
3Γ
2)}>
1 for a range of distances between the source-side resonator, the intermediate resonant module, and the device-side resonator. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification
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Current AssigneeMassachusetts Institute of Technology
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Original AssigneeMassachusetts Institute of Technology
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InventorsKaralis, Aristeidis, Kurs, Andre B., Moffatt, Robert, Joannopoulos, John D., Fisher, Peter H., Soljacic, Marin
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Primary Examiner(s)Fleming, Fritz M
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Application NumberUS13/477,459Publication NumberTime in Patent Office1,575 DaysField of Search307/104, 320/108US Class Current1/1CPC Class CodesB60L 2210/20 AC to AC convertersB60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehic...H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substa...H01Q 9/04 Resonant antennasH02J 50/12 of the resonant typeH02J 50/80 involving the exchange of d...H02J 50/90 involving detection or opti...H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combin...Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for ...Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific ch...Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management ...Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stationsY02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehiclesY10T 29/4902 Electromagnet, transformer ...
