Controlling a thermally sensitive over-current protector

• US 9,450,401 B2
• Filed: 11/05/2012
• Issued: 09/20/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Li, Xingqun
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Application Number:
  US13/668,964
• Publication Number:
  US 20130249868A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,415 Days
• Field of Search: 320134-136, 320/150, 320153-154
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 9/026 Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient

Abstract

A method for controlling a thermally sensitive over-current protector is described. A battery current is monitored. It is then determined whether or not the monitored current has exceeded a predetermined threshold during the entirety of a predetermined time interval. If yes, then a current source is signaled to raise its current, so as to increase the heat being generated by a heating element that is being driven by the current source thereby tripping the thermally sensitive over-current protector. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Claims

1. A circuit for over-current protection, comprising:

a current sense and control circuit to be coupled to monitor a load current, and provide a control signal that is responsive to the monitored load current exceeding a predetermined threshold for a predetermined time interval;

an automatically resettable, thermally sensitive over-current protector that conducts the load current;

an electrical heating element that is in proximity to the resettable, thermally sensitive over-current protector and is to conduct a heating current, being separate from the load current; and

a current source circuit having a control input coupled to receive the control signal, wherein the current source circuit is coupled to the electrical heating element that is in proximity to the resettable, thermally sensitive, over-current protector, wherein the current source circuit is to raise the heating current through the electrical heating element in accordance with the control signal to a high enough level that causes the over-current protector to trip.

2. The circuit of claim 1 further comprising a current sense resistor in series with the over-current protector, wherein the current sense and control circuit is coupled to detect voltage across the current sense resistor.

3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the current sense resistor is to be coupled between a battery cell terminal and a battery pack terminal.

4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the current sense and control circuit is part of a battery gas gauge integrated circuit that is to be coupled to a battery, and wherein the monitored current is the current that is output by the battery.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the over-current protector is a conductive polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element that drastically changes from a low resistance state to a high resistance state in response to sufficiently high current passing through it.

6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the electrical heating element is a resistor.

7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein one end of the resistor is to be coupled to a positive battery terminal, and another end is coupled to the current source circuit such that the current source circuit is coupled between said another end of the resistor and a power supply return terminal of the current sense and control circuit.

8. The circuit of claim 6, further comprising a voltage regulator having an input coupled to a positive battery terminal and an output coupled to a) one end of the resistor and b) a power supply input of the current sense and control circuit.

9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the current source circuit is coupled between the output of the voltage regulator and said one end of the resistor, and another end of the resistor is coupled to a power supply return terminal of the current sense and control circuit.

10. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the current source is variable, having a plurality of discrete current levels, and is to raise the heating current through the electrical heating element to any one of a plurality of discrete heating current levels in accordance with the control signal.

11. A battery pack circuit comprising:

a positive battery pack terminal and a negative battery pack terminal;

an automatically resettable thermally sensitive over-current protector coupled in series with one of the positive or negative battery pack terminals to conduct battery charging current and battery discharging current;

an electrical heating element in proximity with the over-current protector that is to conduct a heating current separate from the battery charging current and the battery discharging current being conducted by the over-current protector;

a current sense and control circuit coupled to monitor battery pack current through the positive pack terminal or the negative pack terminal and provide a control signal that is responsive to the monitored current exceeding a predetermined threshold for a predetermined time interval; and

a current source circuit having a control input coupled to receive the control signal, wherein the current source circuit is coupled to the electrical heating element and is to raise the heating current through the electrical heating element in accordance with the control signal to a high enough level that trips the over-current protector.

12. The battery pack circuit of claim 11 further comprising a current sense resistor in series with the over-current protector, wherein the current sense and control circuit is coupled to detect voltage across the current sense resistor, wherein the current sense resistor is coupled between a battery cell terminal and a battery pack terminal.

13. The battery pack circuit of claim 11 wherein the current source is variable having a plurality of discrete current levels and is to raise the heating current through the electrical heating element to any one of the plurality of discrete current levels in accordance with the control signal.

14. The battery pack circuit of claim 13 wherein the over-current protector is a conductive polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element that drastically changes from a low resistance state to a high resistance state in response to sufficiently high current passing through it.

15. The battery pack circuit of claim 11 further comprising a voltage regulator having an input coupled to a positive battery cell terminal, and an output coupled to a) one end of the heating element and b) a power supply input of the current sense and control circuit.

16. A portable electronic system comprising:

a) a touch screen system;

b) a communications network interface;

c) electro-acoustic transducer interface circuitry;

d) a programmable processor coupled to the touch screen, communications network interface and electro-acoustic transducer circuitry and programmed to run a touchscreen graphical user interface, a telephony application, and a digital audio player application;

e) a battery to supply battery current for powering the elements a)-d);

f) an automatically resettable, thermally sensitive, over-current protector in series with the battery and the elements a)-d) so as to conduct battery current;

g) an electrical heating element in proximity with the over-current protector that is to conduct a heating current separate from the battery current;

h) a current sense and control circuit coupled to monitor the battery current, and provide a control signal that is responsive to the monitored current exceeding a predetermined threshold for a predetermined time interval; and

i) a variable current source circuit having a control input coupled to receive the control signal, wherein the current source circuit is coupled in series with the electrical heating element and is to raise the heating current through the electrical heating element in accordance with the control signal,

wherein the current sense and control circuit is to select the heating current as any one of a plurality of discrete current levels and signal the variable current source circuit to raise the heating current to the selected level, which is a high enough level that causes the over-current protector to trip.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the current sense and control circuit is part of a battery gas gauge integrated circuit that is coupled to the battery, and wherein the monitored battery current is the current that is output by the battery.

18. The system of claim 16 wherein the over-current protector is a conductive polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element that drastically changes from a low resistance state to a high resistance state in response to sufficiently high current passing through it.

19. The system of claim 16 further comprising a voltage regulator coupled to be powered by the battery and to power the current source circuit.

20. A method for controlling an automatically resettable, thermally sensitive over-current protector, comprising:

monitoring battery current through the automatically resettable, thermally sensitive over-current protector; and

determining whether or not the monitored current has exceeded a predetermined threshold during the entirety of a predetermined time interval,

wherein if the threshold has been determined to be exceeded, then a current source is signaled to raise a heating current through a heating element, which is separate from the monitored battery current, to a high enough level thereby tripping the automatically resettable, thermally sensitive over-current protector.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the predetermined time interval is at least one second.

22. The method of claim 20 wherein the current source can produce any one of a plurality of discrete heating current levels.

23. The method of claim 20 further comprising:

supplying the heating current from a voltage regulator that is being powered by a battery whose battery current is being monitored, and wherein monitoring the battery current and determining whether or not the battery current has exceeded the threshold are performed by circuitry that is being powered by the voltage regulator.