State of charge determination for an electrical accumulator
First Claim
1. A method for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells, the plurality of cells including at least three cells, for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage in a load free state, the method comprising:
- in a first recording period, recording individual cell voltages of respective ones of the plurality of accumulator cells in the load free state;
in a first charge determining process, at least one of;
(A);
(i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and
(ii) ascertaining, as a present maximum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and
(B);
(i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and
(ii) ascertaining, as a present minimum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages;
in a second recording period, recording a respective individual cell voltage of each of only the at least one cell for which the at least one of the highest and lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages was ascertained in the first charge determining process; and
in a second charge determining process, re-ascertaining the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge based on the at least one respective individual cell voltage recorded in the second recording period; and
controlling at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge ascertained in the second charge determining process.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
In a method for determining the state of charge of an electrical accumulator, individual cell voltages are recorded, and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage is ascertained. A present maximum charge and/or a present minimum charge of the appertaining accumulator cell is determined using a characteristic curve and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage.
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Citations
18 Claims
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1. A method for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells, the plurality of cells including at least three cells, for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage in a load free state, the method comprising:
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in a first recording period, recording individual cell voltages of respective ones of the plurality of accumulator cells in the load free state; in a first charge determining process, at least one of; (A); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present maximum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (B); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present minimum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; in a second recording period, recording a respective individual cell voltage of each of only the at least one cell for which the at least one of the highest and lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages was ascertained in the first charge determining process; and in a second charge determining process, re-ascertaining the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge based on the at least one respective individual cell voltage recorded in the second recording period; and controlling at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge ascertained in the second charge determining process. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
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8. A method for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage in a load free state, the method comprising:
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recording individual cell voltages of respective ones of the plurality of accumulator cells in the load free state; at least one of; (A); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present maximum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (B); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present minimum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; recording electrical load current of the accumulator in a load state of the accumulator; at least one of; calculating for the load state the present maximum charge of the accumulator cell for which the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained in (A)(i) for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the maximum charge ascertained in (A)(ii) for the load-free state; and calculating for the load state the present minimum charge of the accumulator cell for which the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained in (B)(i) for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the minimum charge ascertained in (B)(ii) for the load-free state; and controlling at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge calculated for the load state. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10)
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11. A method for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage in a load free state, the method comprising:
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recording individual cell voltages of respective ones of the plurality of accumulator cells in the load free state; at least one of; (A); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present maximum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (B); (i) ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertaining, as a present minimum charge, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and controlling at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on the at least one ascertained charge; wherein, for a selected state of charge of the accumulator, maximum power output of the accumulator is calculated using the lowest recorded individual cell voltage and a value specified as being a maximum current that can be provided with the accumulator. - View Dependent Claims (12)
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13. A device for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage in a load free state, the device comprising:
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an individual cell voltage recording device configured to record individual cell voltages of the plurality of accumulator cells in the load free state; a data memory storing the characteristics curve; a current-recording device for recording electrical load current of the accumulator in a load state of the accumulator; and circuitry configured to; (1) at least one of; (A); (i) ascertain which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertain, as a present maximum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (B); (i) ascertain which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; and (ii) ascertain, as a present minimum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; (2) at least one of; calculate for the load state the present maximum charge of the accumulator cell, for which the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained in (A)(i) for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the maximum charge ascertained in (A)(ii) for the load-free state; and calculate for the load state the present minimum charge of the accumulator cell, for which the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained in (B)(i) for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the minimum charge ascertained in (B)(ii) for the load-free state; and (3) control at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on the at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge calculated for the load state. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17)
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18. A method for operating an electrical accumulator based on a state of charge of the electrical accumulator, the electrical accumulator including a plurality of accumulator cells for which a characteristics curve describes an electrical charge as a function of cell voltage, the method comprising:
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recording individual cell voltages of respective ones of the plurality of accumulator cells in a load free state; ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; ascertaining, as a present maximum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained highest of the recorded individual cell voltages; ascertaining which of the recorded individual cell voltages is the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; ascertaining, as a present minimum charge in the load free state, a charge value identified by the characteristics curve as corresponding to a value of the ascertained lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages; recording electrical load current of the accumulator in a load state of the accumulator that follows the load free state in which the individual cell voltages were recorded; calculating for the load state the present maximum charge of the accumulator cell, for which the highest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the maximum charge ascertained for the load-free state; calculating for the load state the present minimum charge of the accumulator cell, for which the lowest of the recorded individual cell voltages was previously ascertained for the load free state, using the recorded electrical load current and the duration of the electrical load current to modify the minimum charge ascertained in for the load-free state; and controlling at least one of a charging of the accumulator and a discharging of the accumulator based on at least one of the present minimum charge and the present maximum charge calculated for the load state.
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Specification