Protection of a secret on a mobile device using a secret-splitting technique with a fixed user share

• US 9,455,968 B1
• Filed: 12/19/2014
• Issued: 09/27/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Emc IP Holding Company LLC (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Original Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Inventors: Machani, Salah, Triandopoulos, Nikolaos, Friedman, Lawrence N.
• Primary Examiner(s): Truong, Thanhnga B
• Application Number:
  US14/577,206
• Time in Patent Office: 648 Days
• Field of Search: 726/12, 726/27, 726/30, 713/168, 713170-171, 380/47, 380/281
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/326 Payment applications installed on the mobile devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3821 Electronic credentials
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0428 wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/062 for key distribution, e.g. centrally by trusted party cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key distribution involving a central third party H04L9/0819
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/085 Secret sharing or secret splitting, e.g. threshold schemes
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/03 Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]

Abstract

A method includes (1) receiving, by a mobile computing device (MCD), user-specific data from a user, (2) processing (a) a user share of a cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) a local share of the cryptographic key to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares, and (3) decrypting encrypted data stored on the MCD using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to the resource.

Claims

1. A method of accessing a resource, the method comprising:

receiving, by a mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, user-specific data from a user;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) a user share of a cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) a local share of the cryptographic key to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to the resource,

wherein;

the secret splitting algorithm uses an underlying polynomial; and

processing the (a) user share and the (b) local share to recreate the cryptographic key includes;

performing polynomial interpolation to regenerate the underlying polynomial; and

applying polynomial evaluation on the regenerated underlying polynomial to recreate the cryptographic key.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of shares includes a backup share stored on a backup server remote from the mobile computing device and the method further comprises:

deleting the recreated cryptographic key, the user-specific data, and the user share from the mobile computing device;

subsequent to deleting the recreated cryptographic key, receiving, by the mobile computing device, a request to reset the user share using new user-specific data to yield a new user share;

in response to receiving the request to reset the user share, requesting the backup share from the backup server;

in response to requesting, receiving the backup share at the mobile computing device from the backup server;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) the backup share, and (b) the local share, to recreate the cryptographic key again;

creating, by the mobile computing device, a new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the new user share, the new set of non-fixed shares including a new local share; and

replacing the local share stored on the mobile computing device with the new local share.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein:

the method further comprises;

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, the encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device using the cryptographic key recreated using the backup share;

generating a new cryptographic key;

re-encrypting the decrypted encrypted data using the new cryptographic key; and

storing the re-encrypted decrypted encrypted data on the mobile computing device in place of the encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device; and

creating the new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the new user share includes inputting the new cryptographic key and the new user share into the secret splitting algorithm.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of shares includes a backup share of the cryptographic key stored on a backup server remote from the mobile computing device and the method further comprises:

receiving, at a mobile recovery device in possession of the user, a request to reset the local share;

in response to receiving the request to recover the local share, requesting the backup share from the backup server;

in response to requesting, receiving the backup share at the mobile recovery device from the backup server;

receiving, by the mobile recovery device, the user-specific data from the user;

processing, by the mobile recovery device, (a) the received backup share, and (b) the user share, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specific data, to recreate the cryptographic key again;

creating, by the mobile recovery device, a new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the user share, the new set of non-fixed shares including a new local share; and

in response to creating the new set of non-fixed shares;

storing the new local share on the mobile recovery device in possession of the user; and

deleting the recreated cryptographic key, the backup share, the user-specific data, and the user share from the mobile recovery device.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein:

the backup server stores a backup of application data encrypted with the cryptographic key stored on the mobile computing device; and

the method further comprises receiving the backup of the application data encrypted with the cryptographic key from the backup server at the mobile recovery device in possession of the user for storage thereon.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein:

the method further comprises;

decrypting, by the mobile recovery device, the backup of the application data encrypted with the cryptographic key received by the mobile recovery device from the backup server, using the cryptographic key recreated using the backup share;

generating a new cryptographic key;

re-encrypting the decrypted backup of the application data using the new cryptographic key; and

storing the re-encrypted decrypted backup of the application data on the mobile recovery device; and

creating the new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the user share includes inputting the new cryptographic key and the user share into the secret splitting algorithm.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of shares includes a backup share of the cryptographic key stored on a backup server remote from the mobile computing device and the method further comprises:

receiving, at the mobile computing device, a request to recover the local share;

in response to receiving the request to recover the local share, requesting the backup share from the backup server;

in response to requesting, receiving the backup share at the mobile computing device from the backup server;

receiving, by the mobile computing device, the user-specific data from the user;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) the received backup share, and (b) the user share, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specific data, to regenerate the underlying polynomial again using polynomial interpolation;

recreating, by the mobile computing device, the local share by applying polynomial evaluation on the regenerated underlying polynomial; and

in response to recreating the local share;

storing the recreated local share on the mobile computing device; and

deleting the recreated cryptographic key, the backup share, the user-specific data, and the user share from the mobile recovery device.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein:

the backup server stores a backup of application data encrypted with the cryptographic key stored on the mobile computing device; and

the method further comprises receiving the backup of the application data encrypted with the cryptographic key from the backup server at the mobile computing device.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the local share was created by:

applying the secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to preliminarily yield a set of preliminary non-fixed shares; and

combining a plurality of the preliminary non-fixed shares to yield the local share.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the set of non-fixed shares includes a plurality of non-fixed shares aside from the local share, each of the plurality of non-fixed shares being distributed to a respective machine, each of the plurality of non-fixed shares being currently unknown outside of its respective machine.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein:

the method further comprises receiving, by the mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, other user-specific data from another user, the other user-specific data fixing another user share different than the user share;

the local share was created by applying the secret splitting algorithm to the other user share in addition to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield the set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the set of shares also including the other user share; and

processing (a) the user share and (b) the local share to recreate the cryptographic key further includes inputting (c) the other use share to recreate the cryptographic key.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises:

generating the cryptographic key randomly; and

applying a share-restricted (t, n) Shamir secret-splitting algorithm to the randomly-generated cryptographic key also taking the user share as an input, wherein applying the share-restricted (t, n) Shamir secret-splitting algorithm includes;

selecting a polynomial function f(x) of order t−

1 [t minus 1] such that f(0) equals the randomly-generated cryptographic key and f(1) equals the user share;

selecting n−

1 [n minus 1] points on the polynomial function f(x), each of the selected points defining a different non-fixed share of the set of non-fixed shares; and

setting one of the non-fixed shares defined by a selected point on the polynomial function f(x) as the local share.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises:

generating the cryptographic key randomly;

receiving, by the mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, for a value p−

1 [p minus 1] other users, for p≧

2, a set of other user-specific data items from a set of one or more other users, the set of other user-specific data items fixing p−

1 [p minus 1] user shares different than the user share, the union of the user share and the p−

1 [p minus 1] user shares different than the user share defining a set of p fixed shares {FS₁, . . . , FS_p}; and

applying a share-restricted (t, n) Shamir secret-splitting algorithm to the randomly-generated cryptographic key also taking the set of p fixed shares as an input, wherein applying the share-restricted (t, n) Shamir secret-splitting algorithm includes;

selecting a polynomial function f(x) of order t−

1 [t minus 1] such that f(R) equals the randomly-generated cryptographic key for some value R and f(X_i)=FS_i for each element of the set of p fixed shares, for some set of values {X₁, . . . , X_p};

selecting n−

p [n minus p] points on the polynomial function f(x), each of the selected points defining a different non-fixed share of the set of non-fixed shares; and

setting one of the non-fixed shares defined by a selected point on the polynomial function f(x) as the local share.

14. A method of accessing a resource, the method comprising:

receiving, by a mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, user-specific data from a user;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) a user share of a cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) a local share of the cryptographic key to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to the resource,

wherein the encrypted data is used by a first application running on the mobile computing device and the method further comprises;

deleting the recreated cryptographic key, the user-specific data, and the user share from the mobile computing device;

subsequently, receiving, by the mobile computing device, the user-specific data from the user again;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) the user share of another cryptographic key, the user share of the other cryptographic key being fixed based on the received user-specified data, the user share of the cryptographic key being the same as the user share of the other cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being different than the other cryptographic key, and (b) another local share of the other cryptographic key to recreate the other cryptographic key, wherein the other local share was created by applying the secret splitting algorithm to the other cryptographic key and the user share to yield another set of non-fixed shares including the other local share, the user share and the other set of non-fixed shares making up another set of shares of the other cryptographic key, the other cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the other set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, using the recreated other cryptographic key, other encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device used by a second application running on the mobile computing device.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein:

the mobile computing device runs a payment wallet application; and

the encrypted data includes secret user payment information for use in making secured payments by the payment wallet application running on the mobile computing device, wherein the resource is a user'"'"'s payment account managed by the payment wallet application.

16. A method of accessing a resource, the method comprising:

receiving, by a mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, user-specific data from a user;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) a user share of a cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) a local share of the cryptographic key to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to the resource,

wherein the encrypted data is used by a first application running on the mobile computing device and the method further comprises;

deleting the user-specific data and the user share from the mobile computing device;

subsequently, receiving, by the mobile computing device, the user-specific data from the user again;

receiving, by the mobile computing device, a remote share from a remote application server running a second application, the remote application server storing the remote share, wherein the remote share was created by applying the secret splitting algorithm to another cryptographic key and the user share to yield another set of non-fixed shares including the remote share, the user share and the other set of non-fixed shares making up another set of shares of the other cryptographic key, the other cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the other set of shares;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) the user share of the other cryptographic key, the user share of the other cryptographic key being fixed based on the received user-specified data, the user share of the cryptographic key being the same as the user share of the other cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being different than the other cryptographic key, and (b) the received remote share to recreate the other cryptographic key; and

decrypting, using the recreated other cryptographic key, other encrypted data used by the second application running on the remote application server.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the other set of shares includes another backup share stored on a backup server remote from the mobile computing device and the method further comprises:

deleting the recreated other cryptographic key, the user-specific data, the user share, and the remote share from the mobile computing device;

subsequent to deleting the recreated cryptographic key, receiving, by the mobile computing device, a request to reset the user share using new user-specific data to yield a new user share;

in response to receiving the request to reset the user share, requesting the backup share from the backup server and the remote share from the remote application server;

in response to requesting, receiving, at the mobile computing device, the backup share from the backup server and the remote share from the remote application server;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) the backup share, and (b) the remote share, to recreate the other cryptographic key again;

creating, by the mobile computing device, another new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the new user share, the other new set of non-fixed shares including a new remote share; and

replacing the remote share stored on the remote application server with the new remote share.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein:

the method further comprises;

receiving, at the mobile computing device, the other encrypted data used by the second application running on the remote application server from the remote application server;

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, the received other encrypted data using the other cryptographic key recreated using the backup share;

generating a new other cryptographic key;

re-encrypting the decrypted other encrypted data using the new other cryptographic key; and

storing the re-encrypted decrypted other encrypted data on the remote application server in place of the other encrypted data stored on the remote application server; and

creating the other new set of non-fixed shares using the secret splitting algorithm and the new user share includes inputting the new other cryptographic key and the new user share into the secret splitting algorithm.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein:

the mobile computing device runs a password vault application;

the encrypted data includes an offline password for use in accessing locally-stored encrypted data; and

the other encrypted data includes an online password for use in accessing encrypted data stored on the remote application server.

20. An mobile apparatus comprising:

processing circuitry;

user-interface circuitry;

persistent storage storing a local share of a cryptographic key and encrypted data encrypted with the cryptographic key; and

memory storing a set of instructions, which, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the mobile apparatus to perform the operations of;

receiving, via the user interface circuitry, user-specific data from a user;

processing (a) a user share of the cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) the local share to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile apparatus, the encrypted data stored on the persistent storage using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to a resource;

wherein;

the secret splitting algorithm uses an underlying polynomial; and

processing the (a) user share and the (b) local share to recreate the cryptographic key includes;

performing polynomial interpolation to regenerate the underlying polynomial; and

applying polynomial evaluation on the regenerated underlying polynomial to recreate the cryptographic key.

21. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a set of instructions, which, when executed by a mobile computing device, cause the mobile computing device to perform the operations of:

receiving, by the mobile computing device via user interface circuitry, user-specific data from a user;

processing, by the mobile computing device, (a) a user share of a cryptographic key, the user share being fixed based on the received user-specified data, and (b) a local share of the cryptographic key to recreate the cryptographic key, wherein the local share was created by applying a secret splitting algorithm to the cryptographic key and the user share to yield a set of non-fixed shares including the local share, the user share and the set of non-fixed shares making up a set of shares of the cryptographic key, the cryptographic key being recreatable from a strict subset of the set of shares; and

decrypting, by the mobile computing device, encrypted data stored on the mobile computing device using the recreated cryptographic key, thereby providing access, using the decrypted encrypted data, to a resource;

wherein;

the secret splitting algorithm uses an underlying polynomial; and

processing the (a) user share and the (b) local share to recreate the cryptographic key includes;

performing polynomial interpolation to regenerate the underlying polynomial; and

applying polynomial evaluation on the regenerated underlying polynomial to recreate the cryptographic key.