Method and apparatus for sensing capacitance value and converting it into digital format

• US 9,459,298 B2
• Filed: 10/05/2015
• Issued: 10/04/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/15/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Teterwak, Jerzy A., Kalthoff, Paul W.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HOAI AN D
• Application Number:
  US14/875,435
• Publication Number:
  US 20160025786A1
• Time in Patent Office: 365 Days
• Field of Search: 324/600, 324/649, 324/658, 324/661, 324/662, 324/681, 324/686, 324/689, 702/47, 702/52
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/24 by varying capacitance
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/2417 by varying separation
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/223 for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity rain detectors on vehicle windows B60S1/0825
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 27/2605 Measuring capacitance capacitive sensors G01D5/24

Abstract

A capacitive sensing system are configured to sense a capacitance value and convert the sensed capacitance value to a digital format. The capacitive sensing system provides good selectivity and immunity to noise and interference, which can be further enhanced by enabling spread spectrum excitation. In some embodiments, the capacitive sensing system utilizes a sinusoidal excitation signal that results in low electromagnetic emissions, limited to narrow frequency band. In some embodiments, the capacitive sensing system is configured to operate in a spread spectrum mode, in which the majority of the excitation signal power is carried in the assigned bandwidth. The excitation frequency and the bandwidth of the spread spectrum excitation signal are programmable in a wide range, which allows for avoiding frequency conflicts in the operating environment.

Claims

1. A capacitance sensing device comprising:

a signal generator that generates both a digital local oscillator (LO) signal and an excitation signal;

a capacitance-to-amplitude converter (C2A) coupled to the signal generator, the C2A converts a measured capacitance to an AC signal having an amplitude proportional to the measured capacitance;

a demodulator coupled to receive the AC signal from the C2A and the digital LO signal from the signal generator, the demodulator multiplies the AC signal with the digital LO signal to generate a DC signal proportional to the amplitude; and

an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the output of the demodulator, the ADC outputs a digital conversion value proportional to both the DC component and the measured capacitance.

2. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the demodulator synchronizes and phase adjusts the digital LO signal to the AC signal.

3. The capacitance sensing device of claim 2, wherein the digital LO signal comprises a sequence of coded binary numbers.

4. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the signal generator generates the digital LO signal and the excitation signal by using a direct digital synthesis wave generator that outputs at least two waveforms.

5. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the demodulator integrates functions of a DAC and an analog demodulator in a single circuit.

6. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the excitation signal comprises one of a spread spectrum excitation signal and a sinusoidal signal.

7. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the ADC is configured to suppress the AC components at the output of the demodulator.

8. The capacitance sensing device of claim 7, wherein the ADC comprises a dual slope integrating circuit having an integration period equal to an integer number of excitation signal cycles.

9. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1 further comprising a clock generator coupled to provide a same clock signal to the ADC and the signal generator.

10. The capacitance sensing device of claim 9, wherein the signal generator generates the digital LO signal and the excitation signal according to the clock signal.

11. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the signal generator is configured to adjust a phase between the digital LO signal and the excitation signal to compensate for a phase shift in the C2A converter.

12. The capacitance sensing device of claim 11, wherein the phase is adjusted in the digital domain by adding a constant value to a phase accumulator in the signal generator.

13. The capacitance sensing device of claim 1, wherein the signal generator comprises a phase-to-amplitude converter, a frequency word generator, and an adder that serves as a phase accumulator.