Battery magnetic state of charge sensor control algorithm

• US 9,461,485 B2
• Filed: 12/07/2011
• Issued: 10/04/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Koch, Brian J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bui, Bryan
• Application Number:
  US13/313,944
• Publication Number:
  US 20130151180A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,763 Days
• Field of Search: 702/63
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/52 characterised by DC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/16 Measuring susceptibility G01R33/1238 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A system and method for estimating the state-of-charge (SOC) of a battery cell in a vehicle using a magnetic sensor that measures changes in magnetism of the battery cell. The method provides an offset correction to a current output signal from the magnetic sensor that calibrates the current output signal to a known magnetic field strength, provides a temperature correction to the current output signal that corrects the current output signal based on a temperature of the magnetic sensor, and provides a current correction to the current output signal that removes portions of the magnetic field caused by other battery cells, where the corrected current output signal is converted to the battery cell SOC.

Claims

1. A method for determining a battery cell state-of-charge (SOC), said method comprising:

applying an external magnetic field to a battery cell;

measuring a magnetic field in the battery cell using a magnetic sensor;

providing a current output signal from the magnetic sensor, where the current output signal corresponds to a measurement of the magnetic field in the battery cell;

providing an offset correction to the current output signal that calibrates the current output signal to a known magnetic field strength, including removing the external magnetic field from the battery cell, determining a remaining magnetic field in the battery cell and using the remaining magnetic field as an offset correction;

providing a temperature correction to the current output signal that corrects the current output signal based on a temperature of the magnetic sensor;

providing a current correction to the current output signal that removes portions of the magnetic field caused by other battery cells, including identifying a current flow induced by other battery cells that adds to the magnetic field in the battery cell in a look-up table and using the look-up table to provide the current correction;

calculating, using a controller including a processor and a memory, a corrected current output signal by adiusting the current output signal using the offset correction, the temperature correction and the current correction; and

converting the corrected current output signal to the battery cell SOC of the battery cell using a known relationship between magnetic properties of the battery cell and the battery cell SOC.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein converting the corrected current output signal to the battery cell SOC includes correcting the current output signal based on the equation:

Compensated sensor signal=S_measured−

S_offset−

S_temp−

S_current  

 

(4)

where S_measured is the current output signal, S_offset is the offset corrected current output signal, S_temp is the temperature corrected current output signal and S_current is the current corrected current output signal.

3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising determining whether a battery cell voltage of the battery cell is at a voltage landmark location identified in a graph line that defines a relationship between the battery cell voltage and the battery cell SOC, where the voltage landmark location has a slope in the graph line that is greater than a predetermined slope, and if the battery cell voltage is at a voltage landmark location, using the battery cell voltage to determine the battery cell SOC instead of the corrected current output signal.

4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the voltage landmark locations in the graph line occur at a battery cell SOC below 10% SOC and a battery cell SOC above 90% SOC.

5. The method according to claim 1 further comprising determining whether the magnetic field is at a magnetic landmark location identified in a graph line that defines a relationship between the magnetic field and the battery cell SOC, where the magnetic landmark location has a change in slope magnitude or direction relative to the rest of the graph line, and if the magnetic field is at a magnetic landmark location, using the magnetic field to determine the battery cell SOC instead of the current output signal from the magnetic sensor.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein providing a temperature correction to the current output signal includes providing a sensitivity to temperature relationship of materials in the battery cell in a look-up table and then using the look-up table to provide the temperature correction based on a determined temperature.

7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the temperature is determined by a temperature sensor.

8. The method according to claim 6 wherein the temperature is determined by a temperature estimation algorithm.

9. The method according to claim 1 wherein the battery cell is an iron phosphate lithium ion battery cell.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the battery cell is part of a battery module including a plurality of battery cells on an electric vehicle.

11. A method for determining a battery cell state-of-charge (SOC), said battery cell being one of a plurality of battery cells in a battery module on a vehicle, said method comprising:

applying an external magnetic field to the battery cell;

measuring a magnetic field in the battery cell using a magnetic sensor;

providing a current output signal from the magnetic sensor, where the current output signal corresponds to a measurement of the magnetic field in the battery cell;

providing an offset correction to the current output signal that calibrates the current output signal to a known magnetic field strength, including removing the external magnetic field from the battery cell, determining a remaining magnetic field in the battery cell and using the remaining magnetic field as an offset correction;

providing a temperature correction to the current output signal that corrects the current output signal based on a temperature of the magnetic sensor;

providing a current correction to the current output signal that removes portions of the magnetic field caused by the other battery cells or electrically conductive components within the battery module, including identifying a current flow induced by other battery cells that adds to the magnetic field in the battery cell in a look-up table and using the look-up table to provide the current correction;

calculating, using a controller including a processor and a memory, a corrected current output signal by adjusting the current output signal using the offset correction, the temperature correction and the current correction;

converting the corrected current output signal to the battery cell SOC of the battery cell using a known relationship between magnetic properties of the battery cell and the battery cell SOC;

determining whether a battery cell voltage of the battery cell is at a voltage landmark location identified in a graph line that defines a relationship between the battery cell voltage and the battery cell SOC, where the voltage landmark location has a slope in the graph line that is greater than a predetermined slope;

using the battery cell voltage to determine the battery cell SOC instead of the corrected current output signal if the battery cell voltage is at the voltage landmark location;

determining whether the magnetic field is at a magnetic landmark location identified in a graph line that defines a relationship between the magnetic field of the battery cell and the battery cell SOC, where the magnetic landmark location has a change in slope magnitude or direction relative to the rest of the graph line; and

using the magnetic field to determine the battery cell SOC instead of the corrected current output signal if the magnetic field is at the magnetic landmark location.

12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the voltage landmark locations in the graph line occur at a battery cell SOC below 10% SOC and a battery cell SOC above 90% SOC.

13. The method according to claim 11 wherein providing a temperature correction to the current output signal includes providing a sensitivity to temperature relationship of materials in the battery cell in a look-up table and then using the look-up table to provide the temperature correction based on a determined temperature.

14. The method according to claim 11 wherein the battery cell is an iron phosphate lithium ion battery cell.

15. A system for determining a battery cell state-of-charge (SOC), said system comprising:

means for applying an external magnetic field to a battery cell;

a magnetic sensor for measuring a magnetic field in the battery cell;

means for providing a current output signal from the magnetic sensor, where the current output signal corresponds to a measurement of the magnetic field in the battery cell;

means for providing an offset correction to the current output signal that calibrates the current output signal to a known magnetic field strength, including removing the external magnetic field from the battery cell, determining a remaining magnetic field in the battery cell and using the remaining magnetic field as an offset correction;

means for providing a temperature correction to the current output signal that corrects the current output signal based on a temperature of the magnetic sensor;

means for providing a current correction to the current output signal that removes portions of the magnetic field caused by other battery cells, including identifying a current flow induced by other battery cells that adds to the magnetic field in the battery cell in a look-up table and using the look-up table to provide the current correction;

a processor for calculating a corrected current output signal by adjusting the current output signal using the offset correction, the temperature correction and the current correction; and

converting the corrected current output signal to the battery cell SOC using a known relationship between magnetic properties of the battery cell and the battery cell SOC.

16. The system according to claim 15 further comprising means for determining whether a battery cell voltage of the battery cell is at a voltage landmark location identified in a graph line that defines a relationship between the battery cell voltage and the battery cell SOC, where the voltage landmark location has a slope in the graph line that is greater than a predetermined slope, and if the battery cell voltage is at a voltage landmark location, using the battery cell voltage to determine the battery cell SOC instead of the corrected current output signal.