Mains-synchronous power-line communications system and method

• US 9,461,700 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2011
• Issued: 10/04/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aclara Technologies LLC (Hubbell, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Aclara Technologies LLC (Hubbell, Inc.)
• Inventors: Rieken, David W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Washburn, Daniel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tadese, Berhanu
• Application Number:
  US13/988,461
• Publication Number:
  US 20130279546A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,770 Days
• Field of Search: 375/146
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7097 Interference-related aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5433 Remote metering
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/546 Combination of signalling, telemetering, protection circuits for remote indication of supply or distribution network condition H02J13/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 11/003 at the transmitter transmission to multiple receive units in multiple input multiple output [MIMO] H04B7/0452; transmit antenna weighting H04B7/0615
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/004 Orthogonal

Abstract

A transmitter transmits an outbound message signal via the power distribution system. The transmitter includes a spreader for spreading the spectrum of the communications signal before transmitting the outbound message signal. A receiver despreads the spectrum of the received digitized signal and digitally demodulates the received despread signal to generate the message. The transmitted signal is orthogonal to a source of interference on the power distribution system.

Claims

1. In a two-way communications system used by an electrical utility wherein the system sends outbound messages and receives inbound messages over the utility'"'"'s power distribution system supplying a mains signal, an apparatus comprising:

a signal modulator providing a communications signal s(t) including a message modulated on a carrier signal; and

a transmitter receiving the communications signal and transmitting a corresponding outbound message signal via the power distribution system, wherein said transmitter includes;

a phase-locked loop (PLL) linked to the outbound message signal for locking the phase of the respective outbound message signals to the mains signal;

a repeater linked to and responsive to the PLL for segmenting the communications signal into sections, each section corresponding to one mains cycle and repeating each section in the outbound message signal N times where N is greater than one; and

a spreader for spreading the spectrum of the segmented communications signal before transmitting the outbound message signal such that the outbound message signal transmitted by the transmitter is substantially orthogonal to a source of interference on the power distribution system wherein the spreader applies a spreading code to the segmented communications signal including multiplying each mains cycle section of the segmented communications signal by one of a series of spreading coefficients, each spreading coefficient defined as a_n where n=0, 1, . . . , N−

1.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a receiver comprising:

an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter receiving the outbound signal including an outbound message and converting the received signal to a corresponding digitized signal; and

a digital processor despreading the spectrum of the received digitized signal and digitally demodulating the received despread signal to provide the outbound message.

3. In a two-way communications system used by an electrical utility wherein the system sends outbound messages and receives inbound messages over the utility'"'"'s power distribution system supplying a mains signal, a method of generating the outbound messages comprising:

providing a communications signal including a message modulated on a carrier signal; and

transmitting an outbound message signal corresponding to the communications signal via the power distribution system, wherein said transmitting comprises;

locking the phase of the outbound message signal to the mains signal,

responsive to the phase of the mains signal, segmenting the communications signal into sections, each section corresponding to one mains cycle;

repeating each segmented section N times in the outbound message signal, where N is greater than one; and

spreading the spectrum of the segmented communications signal before transmitting the outbound message signal such that the outbound message signal is orthogonal to a source of interference on the power distribution system wherein the spreading comprises applying a spreading code to the segmented communications signal and wherein the applying comprises multiplying each mains cycle section of the segmented communications signal by one of a series of spreading coefficients, each spreading coefficient defined as a_n where n=0, 1, . . . , N−

1.

4. In a two-way communications system used by an electrical utility wherein the system sends outbound messages and receives inbound messages over the utility'"'"'s power distribution system supplying a mains signal, a receiver for detecting the outbound messages, said receiver comprising:

an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter receiving the outbound signal including an outbound message and converting the received signal to a corresponding digitized signal; and

a digital processor connected to the A/D converter and adapted to receive the digitized signal, wherein the digital processor comprises;

a phase-locked loop (PLL) connected to the source of the mains signal and locked to the mains signal; and

a parser connected to the PLL and synchronized to the PLL for parsing the received signal into repeated full-cycle snapshots, wherein each full-cycle snapshot is repeated N times, where N is greater than one;

said digital processor connected to the parser, said digital processor configured to receive the full-cycle snapshots and configured to despread the spectrum of the full-cycle snapshots using N spreading coefficients to provide a despread signal and configured to digitally demodulate the despread signal to provide the outbound message;

wherein the despreader applies a spreading code to the full cycle snapshots of the parsed signal including despreading each full cycle snapshot by one of a series of spreading coefficients, each spreading coefficient defined as a_n where n=0, 1, . . . , N−

1.

5. The receiver of claim 4 wherein the digital processor demodulates each of the despread snapshots.

6. The receiver of claim 4 further comprising:

a signal modulator providing a communications signal s(t) including a message modulated on a carrier signal; and

a transmitter receiving the communications signal and transmitting a corresponding outbound message signal via the power distribution system, wherein said transmitter includes;

a phase-locked loop (PLL) linked to the outbound message signal for locking the phase of the respective outbound message signals to the mains signal;

a repeater linked to and responsive to the PLL for segmenting the communications signal into sections, each section corresponding to one mains cycle; and

,

a spreader for spreading the spectrum of the segmented communications signal before transmitting the outbound message signal such that the outbound message signal transmitted by the transmitter is substantially orthogonal to a source of interference on the power distribution system.

7. In a two-way communications system used by an electrical utility wherein the system sends outbound messages and receives inbound messages over the utility'"'"'s power distribution system supplying a mains signal, a method for detecting the outbound messages comprising:

receiving an analog outbound signal including an outbound message;

converting the received signal to a corresponding digitized signal, said method characterized by;

parsing synchronized with the mains signal the digitized signal into repeated full-cycle snapshots, wherein each full-cycle snapshot is repeated N times, where N is greater than one;

despreading the spectrum of the full-cycle snapshots using N spreading coefficients to provide a despread signal wherein the despreading comprises applying a spreading code to the full cycle snapshots of the parsed signal including despreading each full cycle snapshot by one of a series of spreading coefficients, each spreading coefficient defined as a_n where n=0, 1, . . . , N−

1; and

digitally demodulating the despread signal to provide the outbound message.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the digital processor demodulates each of the despread snapshots.