Orthologonal beamforming for multiple user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO)

• US 9,461,723 B2
• Filed: 06/28/2013
• Issued: 10/04/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/29/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Intel IP Corporation (Intel Corporation)
• Inventors: Sajadieh, Masoud, Shirani-Mehr, Hooman
• Primary Examiner(s): Zhu, Alvin
• Application Number:
  US14/125,330
• Publication Number:
  US 20140341048A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,194 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/56 with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0417 Feedback systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0452 Multi-user MIMO systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0619 using feedback from receiving side feedback signaling for adaptive modulation/coding H04L1/0001
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/063 Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0695 using beam selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/088 using beam selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/1864 ARQ related signaling H04L1/1607 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03426 transmission using multiple-input and multiple-output channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0204 of multiple channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03305 Joint sequence estimation and interference removal joint detection of several desired signals H04L25/03331
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/803 Application aware
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/83 based on usage prediction
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0048 Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0051 of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0053 Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0055 Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols H04L1/1861
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0057 Physical resource allocation for CQI
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0085 : when channel conditions change
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/1469 : using time-sharing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/613 : for the control of the source by the destination control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components specially adapted for selective content distribution H04N21/637
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/65 : Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/70 : Media network packetisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/75 : Media network packet handling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 : adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/756 : adapting media to device capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/762 : at the source reformatting of additional data in video distribution servers H04N21/2355
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/764 : at the destination reformatting of additional data in video clients H04N21/4355
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 : Responding to QoS
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 1/72457 : according to geographic location
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2402 : Monitoring of the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. bandwidth available traffic monitoring in data switching networks H04L43/00; monitoring data switching networks utilization H04L43/0876
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8456 : by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8543 : using a description language, e.g. Multimedia and Hypermedia information coding Expert Group [MHEG], eXtensible Markup Language [XML] information retrieval of semistructured data, the underlying structure being taken into account, e.g. mark-up language structure data G06F16/80
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/00 : Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 24/02 : Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/02 : Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/0226 : based on location or mobility handoff or reselection H04W36/00; mobile application services making use of the location of users or terminals H04W4/02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/0289 : Congestion control load shedding arrangements in network planning H04W16/08; performing reselection for handling the traffic H04W36/22; wireless traffic scheduling H04W72/12
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/082 : among bearers or channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 28/20 : Negotiating bandwidth
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/0011 : for data sessions of end-to-end connection
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/0022 : for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/0072 : of resource information of target access point
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/08 : Reselecting an access point
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/125 : involving different types of service backbones
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/22 : for handling the traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/26 : by agreed or negotiated communication parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/021 : Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/06 : based on traffic conditions
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/12 : using downlink control channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/16 : Discovering, processing access restriction or access information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/18 : Selecting a network or a communication service
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/001 : Synchronization between nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/0446 : Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/046 : the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/541 : using the level of interference
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/15 : Setup of multiple wireless link connections
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/02 : Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/06 : Registration at serving network Location Register, VLR or user mobility server
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/082 : for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/042 : Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/045 : using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 : WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/02 : Terminal devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/08 : Access point devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/10 : adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks

Abstract

Technology to generate an improved signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from a set of orthogonal reference signals (RSs) is disclosed. In an example, a user equipment (UE) can include computer circuitry configured to: Receive a set of orthogonal RSs from a node; calculate a SINR for each of the RSs in the set of orthogonal RSs to form a set of SINR; select a maximum SINR from the set of SINR; and quantize the maximum SINR for the set of SINR. Each reference signal can represent a transmission beam direction.

Claims

1. A method for providing beam selection using orthogonal beamforming vectors at a node, comprising:

generating a set of orthogonal beamforming vectors;

generating a set of orthogonal reference signals (RSs);

mapping the set of orthogonal RSs to beams using the set of orthogonal beamforming vectors;

receiving a quantized maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (S1NR) from each of a plurality of user equipments (UEs) and a reference signal (RS) index for each quantized maximum SINR, wherein the RS index represents a beam for each UE with a best SINR for the set of orthogonal RSs, the quantized maximum SINR is received in a channel quality indicator (CQI) for each UE, and the RS index is determined by a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) received from each UE;

scheduling downlink resources for each beam using a UE with a highest quantized maximum SINR relative to other UEs; and

transmitting data using a beam to the UE with the highest quantized maximum SINR for the beam relative to the other UEs;

wherein;

the SINR is represented by

2. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the set of orthogonal RSs to beams further comprises:

precoding a set of modulation symbols by orthogonal basis functions, wherein the orthogonal basis functions use the orthogonal beamforming vectors, and the set of orthogonal RSs are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs).

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting the orthogonal RSs in a beam to a user equipment (UE).

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

recursively generating a second set of orthogonal beamforming vectors, wherein the second set of orthogonal beamforming vectors differs from a first set of orthogonal beamforming vectors;

generating another set of orthogonal reference signals (RSs); and

mapping the other set of orthogonal RSs to other beams using the other set of orthogonal beamforming vectors, wherein the other beams differ in direction from first beams generated.

5. At least one non-transitory machine readable storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions adapted to be executed to implement the method of claim 1.

6. A user equipment (UE) operable to generate an improved signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from a set of orthogonal reference signals (RSs), having computer circuitry configured to:

receive a set of orthogonal RSs from a node, wherein each reference signal represents a transmission beam direction;

calculate a SINR for each of the RSs in the set of orthogonal RSs to form a set of SINR;

select a maximum SINR from the set of SINR; and

quantize the maximum SINR for the set of SINR, wherein the SINR is represented by

7. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein the computer circuitry is further configured to:

transmit the quantized maximum SINR and a reference signal index for the quantized maximum SINR to the node.

8. The computer circuitry of claim 7, wherein computer circuitry configured to receive the set of orthogonal RSs;

calculate a SINR for each of the RS;

select a maximum SINR;

quantize the maximum SINR; and

transmit the quantized maximum SINR and the reference signal index, is further configured to, for A*S*R<

N, where the RSs are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each physical resource block (PRB), S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is a total number of beam transmissions for M transmit antennas at the node;

recursively receive the set of orthogonal RSs for each allocation, wherein the set of orthogonal RSs is mapped to S*R transmission beams, and A allocations are received;

calculate a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a channel quality indicator (CQI) for the maximum SINR in each allocation based on the S*R transmission beam activated in the allocation;

select a maximum PMI and a maximum CQI from the A allocations; and

transmit the maximum PMI and the maximum CQI to the node.

9. The computer circuitry of claim 7, wherein computer circuitry configured to receive the set of orthogonal RSs;

calculate a SINR for each of the RS;

select a maximum SINR;

quantize the maximum SINR; and

transmit the quantized maximum SINR and the reference signal index, is further configured to, for A*S*R=N, where the RSs are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each physical resource block (PRB), S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is a total number of beam transmissions for M transmit antennas at the node;

receive the set of orthogonal RSs for an allocation, wherein the set of orthogonal RSs is mapped to A*S*R transmission beams;

calculate a maximum precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a maximum channel quality indicator (CQI) for the maximum SINR in the allocation based on the A*S*R transmission beam activated in the allocation; and

transmit the maximum PMI and the maximum CQI to the node.

10. The computer circuitry of claim 7, wherein computer circuitry configured to receive the set of orthogonal RSs;

calculate a SINR for each of the RS;

select a maximum SINR;

quantize the maximum SINR; and

transmit the quantized maximum SINR and the reference signal index, is further configured to, for A*S*R>

N, where the RSs are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each physical resource block (PRB), S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is a total number of beam transmissions for M transmit antennas at the node;

receive the set of orthogonal RSs for an allocation, wherein the set of orthogonal RSs is mapped to A*S*R transmission beam directions, and at least two RSs in the set of orthogonal RSs are mapped to one of the transmission beams;

calculate a maximum precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and a maximum channel quality indicator (CQI) for the maximum SINR in the allocation based on the A*S*R transmission beam activated in the allocation, wherein one of the SINRs is calculated from the at least two RSs; and

transmit the maximum PMI and the maximum CQI to the node.

11. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein the computer circuitry is further configured to:

receive a second set of orthogonal RSs from the node, wherein each reference signal represents a transmission beam direction, the second set of orthogonal RSs differs from the set of orthogonal RSs, and at least one transmission beam direction represented in the second set of orthogonal RSs is not in the set of orthogonal RSs;

calculate the SINR for each of the RSs in the second set of orthogonal RSs to form a second set of SINR;

select a maximum SINR from the second set of SINR; and

quantize the maximum SINR for the second set.

12. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein computer circuitry configured to receive the set of orthogonal RSs from the node is further configured to:

multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) decode a demodulated RS that is precoded by the node.

13. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein the computer circuitry is further configured to:

identify each beam index for the RS by a RS to beam mapping.

14. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein computer circuitry configured to calculate a SINR for each of the RS is further configured to, for more than four beams in each physical resource block (PRB) pair, where the RSs are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs):

measure reference signal received power (RSRP) for each CSI-RS group including CSI-RSs for more than four beams;

de-spread with a length-2 cover to resolve code division multiplexing (CDM) between two beam indices when RSRP is greater than a floor noise threshold;

identify two beam indexes for at least one of the CSI-RS groups; and

calculate power for both beams represented by the indexes two beam indexes.

15. The computer circuitry of claim 6, wherein the UE includes an antenna, a touch sensitive display screen, a speaker, a microphone, a graphics processor, an application processor, internal memory, or a non-volatile memory port.

16. A node configured for random beamforming (RBF), comprising:

a transceiver to;

receive, from each of a plurality of user equipments (UEs), a quantized maximum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and a pilot index for each quantized maximum SINR, wherein the pilot index represents a beam for each UE with a best SINR for a set of orthogonal pilots, the quantized maximum SINR is transmitted in a channel quality indicator (CQI), and the pilot index is determined by a transmitted precoding matrix indicator (PMI); and

a processor to;

schedule a downlink transmission for each beam using UEs with a highest quantized maximum SINR relative to other UEs; and

wherein the transceiver is further configured to;

transmit data via a set of transmit antennas using a beam to the UEs with the highest quantized maximum SINR for the beam relative to other UEs, the SINR is represented by

17. The node of claim 16, wherein:

the processor is further configured to;

select an allocation for pilots used to generate an N total number of beams via M transmit antennas, wherein the allocation is within a coherence time and a coherence bandwidth, the coherence time, or the coherence bandwidth; and

the coherence time is a time duration or number of subframes over which a channel impulse response varies less than a coherence time threshold, and coherence bandwidth is a range of frequencies or physical resource blocks (PRBs) over which the channel impulse response varies less than a coherence bandwidth threshold.

18. The node of claim 17, wherein for A*S*R<

N, where the orthogonal pilots are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each PRB, S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is the total number of beam transmissions for the M transmit antennas;

the processor is further configured to;

recursively generate a set of m_t orthogonal vectors for A number of allocations, wherein m_t≦

M for each allocation;

recursively generate the set of orthogonal CSI-RSs for each allocation; and

map each set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to S*R transmission beams using the set of orthogonal vectors for the A number of allocations; and

the transmitter is further configured to;

transmit each set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to the S*R transmission beams for the A number of allocations, wherein the quantized maximum SINR and the pilot index is for the N total number of beam transmissions.

19. The node of claim 17, wherein for A*S*R=N, where the orthogonal pilots are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each PRB, S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is the total number of beam transmissions for the M transmit antennas:

the processor is further configured to;

generate a set of m_t orthogonal vectors for an allocation, wherein m_t≦

M for the allocation;

generate the set of orthogonal CSI-RSs for the allocation; and

map the set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to A*S*R transmission beams using the set of orthogonal vectors for the allocation; and

the transmitter is further configured to;

transmit each set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to the A*S*R transmission beams for the allocation, wherein the quantized maximum SINR and the pilot index is for the A*S*R number of beam transmissions.

20. The node of claim 17, wherein for A*S*R>

N, where the orthogonal pilots are channel state information RSs (CSI-RSs), R is the CSI-RS available in each PRB, S is the number of PRBs in an allocation, A is the number of allocations for a transmission, and N is the total number of beam transmissions for the M transmit antennas;

the processor is further configured to;

generate a set of m_t orthogonal vectors for an allocation, wherein m_t≦

M for the allocation;

generate the set of orthogonal CSI-RSs for the allocation; and

map the set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to A*S*R transmission beams using the set of orthogonal vectors for the allocation, wherein at least two CSI-RSs in the set of orthogonal RSs are mapped to one of the transmission beams; and

the transmitter is further configured to;

transmit each set of orthogonal CSI-RSs to the A*S*R transmission beams for the allocation, wherein the quantized maximum SINR and the pilot index is for the A*S*R number of beam transmissions.

21. The node of claim 17, wherein the allocation is a subband and A=1 is a number of allocations for a transmission for subband based PMI/CQI feedback;

or the allocation is A>

1 number of allocations for a transmission for wideband based PMI/CQI feedback.

22. The node of claim 19, wherein for a multi-cell environment:

the processor is further configured to;

generate a constant phase shift for a set of m_t orthogonal vectors to generate a set of m_t constant phase shift orthogonal vectors for a neighboring cell when the set of m_t orthogonal vectors is used for a local cell;

or

generate a mapping permutation between the set of orthogonal pilots and the set of orthogonal vectors for a neighboring cell when a mapping configuration between the set of orthogonal pilots and the set of orthogonal vectors is used for a local cell.

23. The node of claim 16, wherein:

the processor is further configured to;

rotate a set of m_t orthogonal vectors based on a rotation sequence every specified number of subframes, wherein each set of orthogonal vectors generates a set of transmission beam directions that differ from other sets of orthogonal vectors.

24. The node of claim 16, wherein the node includes M transmit antennas, where M>

8 transmit antennas and the node is selected from the group consisting of a base station (BS), a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a remote radio unit (RRU), and a central processing module (CPM).