Systems and methods for ambulatory monitoring of physiological signs

• US 9,462,975 B2
• Filed: 12/17/2010
• Issued: 10/11/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Adidas AG
• Original Assignee: Adidas AG
• Inventors: Sackner, Marvin A., Inman, Dana Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANU, ETSUB D
• Application Number:
  US12/971,193
• Publication Number:
  US 20110087115A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,125 Days
• Field of Search: 600/388, 600/481, 600/534
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0271 using a remote monitoring unit
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0022 Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0535 Impedance plethysmography for measuring blood flow A61B5/0295
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0806 by whole-body plethysmography measuring blood flow using plethysmography A61B5/0295; impedance plethysmography A61B5/053; measuring volume of the body or parts thereof A61B5/1073
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0809 by impedance pneumography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1073 Measuring volume, e.g. of limbs
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1116 Determining posture transitions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/113 occurring during breathing
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1135 by monitoring thoracic expansion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/282 Holders for multiple electrodes for introduction into the body A61B5/287
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/30 Input circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/333 Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6804 Garments; Clothes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6805 Vests
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6822 Neck
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6824 Arm or wrist
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7232 : involving compression of the physiological signal, e.g. to extend the signal recording period
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 : using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/003 : Detecting lung or respiration noise
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/67 : for remote operation

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of ambulatory and non-invasive monitoring of a plurality of physiological parameters of a monitored individual. The invention includes a physiological monitoring apparatus with an improved monitoring apparel, the apparel having sensors for monitoring parameters reflecting pulmonary function and/or parameters reflecting cardiac function and/or parameters reflecting the function of other organ systems. The apparel is preferably also suitable for medical, athletic, and for other uses. The sensors include one or more inductive plethysmographic sensors positioned to monitor at least basic pulmonary parameters, and optionally also basic cardiac parameters. The sensors include one or more ECG sensor electrodes that preferably include a flexible, conductive fabric. The monitoring apparatus also includes an electronic unit for receiving data from the sensors and for storing the data in a computer-readable medium and/or wirelessly transmitted the data. The invention also includes systems for receiving, storing, and processing data generated by one or more physiological monitored apparatuses.

Claims

1. A monitoring apparatus for monitoring physiological parameters of an individual comprising:

(a) a monitoring garment configured to be worn by the individual and having a garment division which divides the garment along a longitudinal axis of the torso of the individual;

(b) an inductive plethysmographic (IP) sensor attached to the garment, wherein the IP sensor comprises an inductance sensor including a conductive loop configured to encircle the torso of the individual when the garment is worn by the individual and a connector configured to connect terminal ends of the conductive loop to bridge the garment division, wherein the inductance of the conductive loop is responsive to the cross-sectional area of the torso enclosed by the loop;

(c) a transmitter configured to transmit signals from the IP sensor, the transmitter further configured to transmit data at higher rates when an adverse physiological event is detected, and lower rates when an adverse physiological event is not detected, and

(d) a microprocessor unit comprising a microprocessor configured to receive signals from the transmitter and record digital data derived from received signals in a computer-readable memory media.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cardiac cycle sensor for generating signals responsive to cardiac ventricular contractions, wherein the cardiac cycle sensor comprises an electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cardiac cycle sensor for generating signals responsive to cardiac ventricular contractions, wherein the cardiac cycle sensor comprises an IP sensor configured to closely fit about the neck of the individual to be monitored, wherein the inductance of the IP sensor is responsive to cardiac ventricular contractions.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the computer-readable medium comprises a magnetic disk.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring garment further comprises a band for the neck of the individual to be monitored, wherein the IP sensor comprises a neck IP sensor configured to generate signals responsive to at least one of:

jugular venous pulse, carotid arterial pulse, respiration-related intra-pleural pressure changes, contraction of neck muscles, and swallowing deflections.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IP sensor comprises an abdominal IP sensor including a conductive loop and a rib cage IP sensor including a conductive loop operatively arranged for measuring breathing patterns of the individual.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IP sensor comprises a thoracic IP sensor including a conductive loop configured to measure ventricular stroke volume.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IP sensor comprises a lower abdominal IP sensor configured to measure intra-lower-abdominal contractions and dilations.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IP sensor comprises a hemithoracic IP sensor configured to measure breathing and paradoxical motion between two hemithoraces of the individual.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a pulse oximeter for indicating arterial oxygenation saturation, and a throat microphone for indicating talking and snoring.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IP sensor is attached to the garment as an integral part of the garment via sewing, embroidering, embedding, weaving or printing the inductive plethysmographic sensor into the garment.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor unit further comprises an audio device for generating audio indications to the individual being monitored.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor unit further comprises a display unit for displaying viewable messages to the individual being monitored.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor unit further comprises an input unit configured to allow the individual being monitored to input information or commands to the microprocessor unit.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor unit further comprises a memory accessible to the microprocessor, and wherein the memory comprises encoded software instructions for causing the microprocessor to read input data and to write output data derived from the input data in the computer-readable memory media.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the memory further comprises encoded software instructions for causing the microprocessor to determine physiological events in the individual being monitored and to audibly indicate determined physiological events to the individual.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a body position sensor for indicating a posture of the individual.

18. A monitoring apparatus for non-invasively monitoring physiological parameters of an individual comprising:

(a) a monitoring garment configured to be worn on the torso of the individual to be monitored and having a garment division which divides the garment along a longitudinal axis of the torso of the individual,

(b) first and second inductive plethysmographic (IP) sensors, wherein each of the IP sensors comprises;

(i) a longitudinal band of elastic material attached to the garment and configured to closely encircle the torso and having a division at the garment division,

(ii) an inductance sensor including a flexible conductive loop attached to the longitudinal band, wherein the inductance of the conductive loop is responsive to the cross-sectional area of the torso enclosed by the loop, and

(iii) a connector configured to connect terminal ends of the conductive loop to bridge the garment division;

(c) a signal cable configured to connect to the connectors, and

(d) first and second tightening devices configured for adjusting circumferential tightness of the IP sensor to substantially prevent longitudinal movement of the IP sensor along the torso, each tightening device comprising a material less elastic than the longitudinal band of elastic material and configured to allow excess fabric in the circumferential direction to be gathered across the garment division,

wherein a longitudinal distance between the first and second tightening devices defines excess fabric in the longitudinal direction configured to permit longitudinal stretching of the torso without applying sufficient force to the IP sensors to cause substantial longitudinal motion.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising a microprocessor unit including a microprocessor configured to receive signals from the IP sensor and for recording digital data derived from the received signals in a computer-readable memory media.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the monitoring garment further comprises an openable flap configured to protect the connections and signal cable during use.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the tightening device comprises a cinch band and a gripping device configured to releasably grip excess cinch band under tension.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the tightening device comprises a drawstring.

23. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a cardiac timing sensor for generating signals responsive to cardiac ventricular contractions, wherein the microprocessor unit further records digital data derived from signals received from the cardiac timing sensor.

24. A monitoring apparatus for non-invasively monitoring physiological parameters of an individual comprising:

(a) a monitoring garment configured to be worn on the torso of the individual to be monitored and having a garment division which divides the garment along a longitudinal axis of the torso of the individual,

(b) an inductive plethysmographic (IP) sensor attached to the garment, the IP sensor comprising an inductance sensor including a flexible conductive loop arranged to closely encircle the torso, wherein the inductance of the conductive loop is responsive to the cross-sectional area of the torso enclosed by the loop, the IP sensor coupled to a signal cable,

(c) an ambulatory motion sensor configured to monitor ambulatory motion of an individual, the ambulatory motion sensor coupled to the signal cable through a connector,

(d) a body position sensor configured to indicate a posture of the individual, the body position sensor coupled to the signal cable through the connector,

(e) a transmitter configured to transmit signals from the sensors, wherein the transmitter comprises a module, wherein the module is coupled to and electrically completes the conductive loop of the IP sensor through the connector at a position across the garment division in the garment, wherein termini of the conductive loops may be uncoupled from the module, the module comprising circuitry for generating signals responsive to the IP sensor; and

(f) a microprocessor configured to receive signals from the signal cable and for recording data from the IP sensor, the ambulatory motion sensor, and the body position sensor, the microprocessor including multiplex circuitry to derive digital data from each of the sensor signals.