System and method for prognosis of batteries

• US 9,465,080 B2
• Filed: 12/26/2012
• Issued: 10/11/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Wiegman, Herman Lucas Norbert, James, David Eugene
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Jerry D
• Application Number:
  US13/727,019
• Publication Number:
  US 20140176147A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,385 Days
• Field of Search: 324/434, 324/433, 324/302
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/378 specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements

Abstract

In accordance with one aspect of the present technique, a method is disclosed. The method includes identifying a first change in an excitation direction of a group of cells and determining a first set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the first change. The method also includes identifying a second change in the excitation direction of the group of cells and determining a second set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the second change. The second change in the excitation direction is opposite to the first change in the excitation direction. The method further includes determining a number of functional cells from the group of cells based on the first and the second set of characteristics.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

measuring a terminal current and a terminal voltage of a group of cells contained in a battery, using a monitoring device;

determining an excitation direction of the group of cells based on at least one of the terminal current and the terminal voltage;

identifying a first change in the excitation direction of the group of cells;

determining a first set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the first change, wherein the first set of characteristics comprises a first voltage and a first current;

identifying a second change in the excitation direction of the group of cells, wherein the second change in the excitation direction is opposite to the first change in the excitation direction;

determining a second set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the second change, wherein the second set of characteristics comprises a second voltage and a second current;

determining a number of functional cells from the group of cells based on the first voltage, the first current, the second voltage and the second current;

calculating a number of non-functional cells from the group of cells, based on the determined number of functional cells; and

disconnecting the battery from an associated electrical load or from a power source that recharges the battery if the number of non-functional cells is greater than a fault threshold value.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

calculating a first resistance of the group of cells based on the first set of characteristics and an open circuit voltage of the group of cells; and

calculating a second resistance of the group of cells based on the second set of characteristics and the open circuit voltage of the group of cells.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising calculating a difference between the first resistance and the second resistance.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

retrieving an initial number of cells in the group of cells from a memory; and

modifying the initial number of cells based on the determined number of functional cells to reduce the difference below a resistance threshold value.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of cells operates based on a first-in-first-out reaction principle, wherein a reaction resistance of the group of cells decreases to an offset level during the first and the second change in the excitation direction.

6. A system comprising:

at least one processor;

a direction module stored in a memory and executable by the at least one processor, the direction module for identifying a first change in an excitation direction of a group of cells, determining a first set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the first change, identifying a second change in the excitation direction of the group of cells and determining a second set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the second change, wherein the second change in the excitation direction is opposite to the first change in the excitation direction, wherein the first set of characteristics comprises a first voltage and a first current, and wherein the second set of characteristics comprises a second voltage and a second current; and

a determination module stored in the memory and executable by the at least one processor, the determination module coupled to the direction module for determining a number of functional cells from the group of cells based on the first voltage, the first current, the second voltage, and the second current.

7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a resistance module for calculating a first resistance of the group of cells based on the first set of characteristics and an open circuit voltage of the group of cells and calculating a second resistance of the group of cells based on the second set of characteristics and the open circuit voltage of the group of cells.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the determination module further calculates a difference between the first resistance and the second resistance.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising a control module for retrieving an initial number of cells in the group of cells from a memory and modifying the initial number of cells based on the determined number of functional cells to reduce the difference below a resistance threshold value.

10. The system of claim 6, further comprising a monitoring device communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the monitoring device is configured to measure a terminal current and a terminal voltage of the group of cells.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the direction module further determines the excitation direction of the group of cells based on at least one of the terminal current and the terminal voltage.

12. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium encoding instructions that, in response to execution by at least one processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:

determining an excitation direction of a group of cells contained in a battery based on at least one of a measured terminal current and a measured terminal voltage received from a monitoring device;

identifying a first change in the excitation direction of the group of cells;

determining a first set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the first change, wherein the first set of characteristics comprises a first voltage and a first current;

identifying a second change in the excitation direction of the group of cells, wherein the second change in the excitation direction is opposite to the first change in the excitation direction;

determining a second set of characteristics of the group of cells corresponding to the second change, wherein the second set of characteristics comprises a second voltage and a second current;

determining a number of functional cells from the group of cells based on the first voltage, the first current, the second voltage, and the second current;

calculating a number of non-functional cells from the group of cells, based on the determined number of functional cells; and

disconnecting the battery from an associated electrical load or from a power source that recharges the battery if the number of non-functional cells is greater than a fault threshold value.

13. The computer program product of claim 12, further causing the processor to perform operations comprising:

calculating a first resistance of the group of cells based on the first set of characteristics and an open circuit voltage of the group of cells; and

calculating a second resistance of the group of cells based on the second set of characteristics and the open circuit voltage of the group of cells.

14. The computer program product of claim 13, further causing the processor to perform operations comprising calculating a difference between the first resistance and the second resistance.