Solar panel string converter topology

• US 9,466,737 B2
• Filed: 10/19/2010
• Issued: 10/11/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/19/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ampt, LLC
• Original Assignee: Ampt, LLC
• Inventors: Ledenev, Anatoli
• Primary Examiner(s): KAPLAN, HAL IRA
• Application Number:
  US13/503,011
• Publication Number:
  US 20120223584A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,184 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/67 to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/02021 for solar cells electrical connection means, e.g. junction boxes, specially adapted for structural association with photovoltaic modules H02S40/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/26 involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources maximum power point systems in particular G05F1/67
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/388 Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/46 Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/08 using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/44 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 40/32 comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 40/36 characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The inventive technology, in certain embodiments, may be generally described as a solar power generation system with a converter, which may potentially include two or more sub-converters, established intermediately of one or more strings of solar panels. Particular embodiments may involve sweet spot operation in order to achieve improvements in efficiency, and bucking of open circuit voltages by the converter in order that more panels may be placed on an individual string or substring, reducing the number of strings required for a given design, and achieving overall system and array manufacture savings.

Claims

1. A solar power system comprising:

a DC-DC converter connected within and as part of a solar power string;

a first unconverted string portion and a second unconverted string portion of said string, said portions separated by, and in serial connection with, said DC-DC converter;

a first pair of electrical connections connecting said DC-DC converter across said first unconverted string portion;

a second pair of electrical connections connecting said DC-DC converter across said second unconverted string portion;

a positive rail electrically connected with one solar panel of said first unconverted string portion and with said DC-DC converter, and

A negative rail electrically connected with one solar panel of said second unconverted string portion and with said DC-DC converter.

2. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said DC-DC converter is operable at a sweet spot during loaded circuit condition of said system.

3. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said DC-DC converter connected within said solar power string is connected with said first unconverted string portion through a first string portion conductor and connected with said second unconverted string portion through a second string portion conductor, wherein said first string portion conductor has a first string portion loaded circuit voltage value relative to said negative rail, said second string portion conductor has a second string portion loaded circuit voltage value relative to said negative rail, and a sum of said first string portion loaded circuit voltage value and said second string portion loaded circuit voltage value is substantially equal to a loaded circuit voltage value of said positive rail relative to said negative rail.

4. A solar power system as described in claim 3 wherein said string portion loaded circuit voltage values are achieved by bucking by said DC-DC converter.

5. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said solar power string is a first solar power string and further comprising a second solar power string connected in parallel with said first solar power string.

6. A solar power system as described in claim 5 wherein said DC-DC converter is a first DC-DC converter, and further comprising a second DC-DC converter connected within said second solar power string.

7. A solar power system as described in claim 1 further comprising a diode established between said DC-DC converter and said positive rail.

8. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said positive rail is capable of carrying an open circuit voltage relative to said negative rail and a loaded circuit voltage relative to said negative rail that are substantially equal.

9. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said positive rail is capable of carrying a loaded circuit voltage relative to said negative rail that is conservatively close to a regulatory maximum voltage limit.

10. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises two sub-converters.

11. A solar power system as described in claim 10 wherein at least one of said two sub-converters comprises a dual mode converter.

12. A solar power system as described in claim 10 wherein at least one of said two sub-converters comprises a buck converter.

13. A solar power system as described in claim 10 wherein said two sub-converters share a component selected from the group consisting of inductor and switch.

14. A solar power system as described in claim 1 said negative rail is a lower rail.

15. A solar power system as described in claim 1 said positive rail is an upper rail.

16. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said solar power system is unipolar.

17. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said solar power system is bipolar.

18. A solar power system as described in claim 1 further comprising a DC-AC power inverter that acts on power conducted by said negative and positive rails.

19. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said first unconverted string portion comprises an element selected from the group consisting of:

only one solar panel and a plurality of solar panels.

20. A solar power system as described in claim 1 wherein said first DC-DC converter comprises at least two inputs.

21. A solar power system comprising:

a string of serially connected electrical components that include solar panels;

a DC-DC converter intermediately electrically connected within said string as a part of said string so as to define a first, solar panel string portion and a second, solar panel string portion;

a positive rail connected with said first, solar panel string portion, and with said DC-DC converter; and

a negative rail connected with said second, solar panel string portion, and connected with said DC-DC converter.

22. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said DC-DC converter is operable at a sweet spot during loaded circuit condition of said system.

23. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said DC-DC converter electrically connected within said string is electrically connected with said first, solar power string portion through a first string portion conductor and electrically connected with said second, solar power string portion through a second string portion conductor, wherein said first string portion conductor has a first string portion loaded circuit voltage value relative to said negative rail, said second string portion conductor has a second string portion loaded circuit voltage value relative to said negative rail, and a sum of said first string portion loaded circuit voltage value and said second string portion loaded circuit voltage value is substantially equal to a loaded circuit voltage value of said positive rail relative to said negative rail.

24. A solar power system as described in claim 23 wherein said string portion open circuit voltage values are achieved by bucking by said DC-DC converter.

25. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said string is a first string, and further comprising at least one additional string that includes additional solar panels, each of said at least one additional string electrically connected in parallel with said first string.

26. A solar power system as described in claim 25 further comprising at least one additional DC-DC converter, each of which is electrically connected within one of said at least one additional string.

27. A solar power system as described in claim 21 further comprising a diode established between said DC-DC converter and said positive rail.

28. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said positive rail is capable of carrying an open circuit voltage relative to said negative rail and a loaded circuit voltage relative to said negative rail that are substantially equal.

29. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said positive rail is capable of carrying a loaded circuit voltage relative to said negative rail that is conservatively close to a regulatory voltage limit.

30. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises two sub-converters.

31. A solar power system as described in claim 30 wherein at least one of said two sub-converters comprises a dual mode converter.

32. A solar power system as described in claim 30 wherein at least one of said two sub-converters comprises a buck converter.

33. A solar power system as described in claim 30 wherein said two sub-converters share a component selected from the group consisting of inductor and switch.

34. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said system is unipolar.

35. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said system is bipolar.

36. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said positive rail is an upper rail.

37. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said negative rail is a lower rail.

38. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said first string portion comprises an element selected from the group consisting of:

only one solar panel and a plurality of solar panels.

39. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises at least two inputs.

40. A solar power system as described in claim 21 wherein said first string portion is a first unconverted string portion and said second string portion is a second unconverted string portion.

41. A solar power system comprising:

a first solar power generator in serial connection with a DC-DC converter and with a second solar power generator, said DC-DC converter connected between said two solar power generators, and said two solar power generators each having a respective lower voltage end and higher voltage end;

a positive rail electrically connected with said higher voltage end of said first solar power generator and with said DC-DC converter; and

a negative rail electrically connected with said lower voltage end of said second solar power generator and with said DC-DC converter.

42. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said first solar power generator and said second solar power generator each comprise at least one solar panel.

43. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said first solar power generator comprises a first set of series connected solar panels and said second solar power generator comprises a second set of series connected solar panels.

44. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said first solar power generator and said second solar power generator are each unconverted solar power sources.

45. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises a first capacitor that is connected across said first solar power generator and a second capacitor that is connected across said second solar power generator.

46. A solar power system as described in claim 45 wherein said DC-DC converter further comprises a first pair of two serially connected switch elements connected in parallel with said first capacitor and a second pair of serially connected switch elements connected in parallel with said second capacitor.

47. A solar power system as described in claim 46 wherein said first pair of two serially connected switch elements comprises a first switch and a first diode and said second pair of serially connected switch elements comprises a second switch and a second diode.

48. A solar power system as described in claim 45 wherein said wherein said DC-DC converter further comprises a first pair of two serially connected switch elements that are connected at a connection point, a second pair of serially connected switch elements that are connected at a different connection point, and a single inductor connected between said two connection points.

49. A solar power system as described in claim 45 wherein said DC-DC converter further comprises a first pair of serially connected components connected in parallel with said first capacitor, said first pair of serially connected components comprising at least one switch, said DC-DC converter further comprising a second pair of serially connected components connected in parallel with said second capacitor, said second pair of serially connected components comprising at least one other switch.

50. A solar power system as described in claim 41, wherein said DC-DC converter comprises an inductor connected so as to substantially bisect said converter.

51. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises two subconverters that share an inductor.

52. A solar power system as described in claim 41 wherein said DC-DC converter comprises two inductors.

53. A solar power system as described in claim 52 wherein said first solar power generator is serially connected with a first of said two inductors, which is serially connected with a switch, which is serially connected with a second of said two inductors, which is serially connected with said second solar power generator.

54. A solar power system as described in claim 52 wherein one of said two inductors is serially connected with said first solar power generator and the other of said two inductors is serially connected with said second solar power generator.

55. A solar power system as described in claim 52 wherein said DC-DC converter further comprises at least one switch between said two inductors.

56. A solar power system as described in claim 55 wherein a connection point for said switch and first inductor is connected to one of said rails through a first diode, and a connection point for said switch and said other inductor is connected to the other of said rails through a second diode.

57. A solar power system as described in claim 55 wherein a connection point for said switch and first inductor is connected with said rails through a first pair of diodes, and a connection point for said switch and said other inductor is connected with said rails through a second pair of diodes.

58. A solar power system as described in claim 41 further comprising a DC-AC power inverter that acts on DC power conducted by said positive and negative rails.