Systems and methods for balancing a vehicle battery system

• US 9,472,959 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2012
• Issued: 10/18/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Johnson, Kurt M., Baraszu, Robert C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Jerry D
• Application Number:
  US13/690,270
• Publication Number:
  US 20140152232A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,418 Days
• Field of Search: 320/103
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/10 Air crafts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/32 Waterborne vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2260/44 by parameter estimation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/14 Preventing excessive discharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

System and methods for balancing a vehicle battery system are presented. In certain embodiments, a method for balancing battery system having multiple battery sections may include receiving estimated states of charge of the battery sections. Based on the estimated states of charge, a determination may be made whether the battery sections have states of charge within one of plurality of regions included in a state of charge window. Based on the determination, one of a plurality of different balancing algorithms may be utilized to control transfer energy between the battery sections to balance the battery sections.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a battery system comprising a plurality of battery sections, each section of the plurality of sections comprising a plurality of cells;

a plurality of sensors coupled to the plurality of cells configured to estimate states of charge for each of the plurality of sections;

a cell balancing system coupled to the plurality of sections configured to redistribute energy between the plurality of cells;

battery control electronics communicatively coupled to the plurality of sensors and the cell balancing system, the battery control electronics being configured to cause the cell balancing system to balance the battery sections according to one of a plurality of different balancing algorithms, the one balancing algorithm being selected from the plurality of different balancing algorithm based on estimated states of charge for the plurality of sections provided by the plurality of sensors; and

a plurality of resistance estimation sensors coupled to the plurality of sections and the battery control electronics configured to estimate an internal resistance of each of the plurality of sections,

wherein the battery control electronics are further configured to;

identify a weak section of the plurality of battery sections based on the estimated internal resistance, the weak section having a higher internal resistance than other sections of the plurality of battery sections;

determine whether estimated states of charge for the plurality of sections are each within one a first state of charge region, a second state of charge region, and a third state of charge region, the second state of charge region comprising states of charge below a second threshold and including a charge sustaining level for the battery system, and to

cause the cell balancing system to balance the plurality of sections according to a second balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the second state of charge region, the second balancing algorithm comprising;

balancing the weak section of the plurality of sections together with sections of the plurality of sections having a state of charge lower than the weak section; and

balancing sections of the plurality of sections having a state of charge higher than the weak section independently.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first state of charge region comprises states of charge above a first threshold and includes a charge termination level for the battery system.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein battery control electronics are configured to cause the cell balancing system to balance the plurality of sections according a first balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the first state of charge region, the first balancing algorithm comprising balancing the plurality of sections together.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the third state of charge region comprises states of charge between the first state of charge region and the second state of charge region.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the battery control electronics are configured to cause the cell balancing system to balance the plurality of sections according a third balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the third state of charge region, the third balancing algorithm comprising balancing each of the plurality of sections independently.

6. A method for balancing a plurality of sections included in a battery system comprising:

receiving estimated states of charge of the plurality of sections of the battery system;

determining that the plurality of sections of the battery system are unbalanced;

receiving estimated internal resistances of the plurality of battery sections;

identifying, based on the estimated internal resistances, a weak section of the plurality of battery sections, the weak section comprising a section of the plurality of battery sections having a highest estimated internal resistance of the plurality of battery sections;

determining whether the estimated states of charge are within one of a first state of charge region, a second state of charge region, and a third state of charge region;

selecting a balancing algorithm from a plurality of different balancing algorithms based on the determination of whether the estimated states of charge are within the first state of charge region, the second state of charge region, or the third state of charge region, each balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms being associated with one of the first state of charge region, the second state of charge region, or the third state of charge region; and

balancing the plurality of sections of the battery system according to the selected battery algorithm,

wherein the second state of charge region comprises states of charge below a second threshold and includes a charge sustaining level for the battery system; and

wherein the plurality of sections of the battery system are balanced according to a second balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the second state of charge region, the second balancing algorithm comprising;

balancing the weak section of the plurality of sections together with sections of the plurality of sections having a state of charge lower than the weak section; and

balancing sections of the plurality of sections having a state of charge higher than the weak section independently.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first state of charge region comprises states of charge above a first threshold and includes a charge termination level for the battery system.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of sections of the battery system are balanced according to a first balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the first state of charge region, the first balancing algorithm comprising balancing the plurality of sections together.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the third state of charge region is between the first state of charge region and the second state of charge region.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of sections of the battery system are balanced according to a third balancing algorithm of the plurality of balancing algorithms when the estimated states of charge are within the third state of charge region, the third balancing algorithm comprising balancing each of the plurality of sections of the battery system independently.