Switching power supply apparatus with improved power conversion efficency to reduce power usage

• US 9,473,041 B2
• Filed: 07/21/2014
• Issued: 10/18/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 01/23/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Limited
• Original Assignee: Murata Manufacturing Co Limited
• Inventors: Hosotani, Tatsuya
• Primary Examiner(s): Dole, Timothy J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jamali, Ishrat
• Application Number:
  US14/336,065
• Publication Number:
  US 20140328098A1
• Time in Patent Office: 820 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0068 Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply H02J7/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007184 in response to battery voltage gradient
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/005 using a power saving mode for copiers G03G15/5004
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0035 using burst mode control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/24 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33515 with digital control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33576 having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/217 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A switching power supply apparatus includes an isolated converter with efficiency characteristics in which power conversion efficiency of a rated load is higher than power conversion efficiency of a light load and that converts power-supply voltage into direct-current voltage to output the direct-current voltage, a secondary battery that stores the direct-current voltage output from the isolated converter; a voltage detector that detects an amount of charge in the secondary battery; and a controller that switches driving and stopping of the isolated converter on the basis of the detected amount of charge.

Claims

1. A switching power supply apparatus comprising:

a first converter configured to have efficiency characteristics in which power conversion efficiency of a rated load is higher than power conversion efficiency of a light load and that converts power-supply voltage that is input into direct-current voltage to output the direct-current voltage;

a charge unit configured to store the direct-current voltage output from the first converter;

an amount-of-charge detecting unit configured to detect an amount of charge in the charge unit; and

a controller configured and programmed to switch driving and stopping of the first converter based on the amount of charge detected by the amount-of-charge detecting unit;

wherein

the controller is configured and programmed to stop the first converter if the amount of charge in the charge unit is higher than a first threshold value and drive the first converter if the amount of charge in the charge unit is lower than a second threshold value regardless of a current through a load;

the controller is configured and programmed to output the direct-current voltage subjected to the conversion in the first converter and store the direct-current voltage subjected to the conversion in the first converter in the charge unit when the first converter is driven and output the direct-current voltage stored in the charge unit when the first converter is stopped;

a frozen period, during which the first converter is stopped to be in a frozen state, is controlled depending on an amount of power, which is defined by a product of power and time, consumed by the load and the frozen period is lengthened as the amount of power decreases; and

depending on a level of the load, power is supplied by varying a period during which the first converter is in a drive state and a period during which the first converter is in the frozen state, which is an input power of 0, converting fixed loss which is not related to the current into variable loss which is related to the current, such that efficiency is almost constant regardless of the current through the load.

2. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a voltage conversion unit configured to perform voltage conversion of the direct-current voltage output from the charge unit.

3. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the voltage conversion unit is a DC-DC converter.

4. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

an isolated second converter;

wherein

the first converter, the charge unit, and the controller are provided at a primary side of the second converter.

5. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the charge unit is a secondary battery.

6. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the charge unit is a capacitor.

7. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the charge unit is an electric double layer capacitor.

8. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a rectifier circuit in the first converter is a synchronous rectifier circuit.

9. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

an output power detecting unit configured to detect output voltage to an external load; and

a charge stopping unit configured to stop supply of the direct-current voltage to the charge unit when the charge unit is in full charge;

wherein

the controller is configured and programmed to forcedly drives the first converter to be in the drive state regardless of the amount of charge in the charge unit if the output voltage detected by the output power detecting unit exceeds a third threshold value, and the power is supplied by varying a period during which the first converter is in the drive state and a period during which the first converter is in the frozen state if the output voltage detected by the output power detecting unit is less than the third threshold value.

10. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

a charge stopping unit configured to stop supply of the direct-current voltage to the charge unit if the charge unit is in full charge;

wherein

the controller is configured and programmed to determine whether an external load is in a rated load state or in a light load state; and

the controller is configured and programmed to forcedly drive the first converter to be in the drive state regardless of the amount of charge in the charge unit if the controller determines that the external load is in the rated load state, and the power is supplied by varying a period during which the first converter is in the drive state and a period during which the first converter is in the frozen state if the controller determines that the external load is in the light load state.

11. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first converter is an isolated DC-DC converter.

12. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic interference filter and a diode bridge circuit at a primary side.

13. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a post regulator configured to reduce high-frequency ripples.

14. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second converter.

15. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 14, wherein each of the first converter and the second converter is an isolated DC-DC converter.

16. The switching power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the charge unit includes at least one of a voltage detector and a current detector.