Vector signaling codes with high pin-efficiency for chip-to-chip communication and storage
First Claim
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1. A method comprising:
- obtaining a Permutation Modulation Variant II code (PM II code) of length N;
determining an orthogonal matrix M of format (N+1)×
(N+1), wherein the sum of all the columns in the matrix M is 0, except for one;
transforming the PM-II code using the orthogonal matrix M to obtain a reference-less, balanced vector signaling code, wherein the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code is normalized such that each element is between 1 and −
1; and
transmitting the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code.
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Abstract
An alternative type of vector signaling codes having increased pin-efficiency normal vector signaling codes is described. Receivers for these Permutation Modulation codes of Type II use comparators requiring at most one fixed reference voltage. The resulting systems can allow for a better immunity to ISI-noise than those using conventional multilevel signaling such as PAM-X. These codes are also particularly advantageous for storage and recovery of information in memory, as in a DRAM.
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20 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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obtaining a Permutation Modulation Variant II code (PM II code) of length N; determining an orthogonal matrix M of format (N+1)×
(N+1), wherein the sum of all the columns in the matrix M is 0, except for one;transforming the PM-II code using the orthogonal matrix M to obtain a reference-less, balanced vector signaling code, wherein the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code is normalized such that each element is between 1 and −
1; andtransmitting the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An apparatus comprising:
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an encoder configured to obtain a Permutation Modulation Variant II code (PM-II code) of length N, to determining an orthogonal matrix M of format (N+1)×
(N+1), wherein the sum of all the columns in the matrix M is 0, except for one, and to transform the PM-II code using the orthogonal matrix M to obtain a reference-less, balanced vector signaling code, wherein the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code is normalized such that each element is between 1 and −
1; anda transmit driver configured to transmit the reference-less, balanced vector signaling code over a multi-wire bus. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification