Automatic purging of air from a fluid processing system

• US 9,486,590 B2
• Filed: 09/29/2014
• Issued: 11/08/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fenwal Incorporated (Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA)
• Original Assignee: Fenwal Incorporated (Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA)
• Inventors: Patel, Amit J., Thill, Melissa A., Higginson, Kathleen M.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARCETICH, ADAM M
• Application Number:
  US14/500,529
• Publication Number:
  US 20160089504A1
• Time in Patent Office: 771 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/262 rotating
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/265 inducing Taylor vortices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/30 Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/303 having a reservoir for treated blood to be returned
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/308 Volume control, e.g. with open or flexible containers, by counting the number of pump revolutions, weighing
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/342 Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions for preventing coagulation A61M1/3672
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3496 Plasmapheresis; Leucopheresis; Lymphopheresis A61M1/3472 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3626 Gas bubble detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3627 Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3643 Priming, rinsing before or after use
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3644 Mode of operation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3646 Expelling the residual body fluid after use, e.g. back to the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3647 with recirculation of the priming solution
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3652 using gas, e.g. air
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3653 Interfaces between patient blood circulation and extra-corporal blood circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3672 Means preventing coagulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/1403 Flushing or purging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0021 removed from and reintroduced into the body, e.g. after treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0413 Blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/07 having air pumping means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 : Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3375 : Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3389 : Continuous level detection A61M2205/3393 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3393 : by weighing the reservoir
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14 : Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/36 : with means for eliminating or preventing injection or infusion of air into body dialysis systems, blood oxygenators A61M1/14; haemofiltration equipment A61M1/34; automatic tube cut-off A61M39/281
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 : Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for processing a fluid and then returning processed fluid and/or replacement fluid to a fluid recipient. The returning fluid is monitored to detect air therein and, if air is detected, steps are taken to automatically purge the air from the returning fluid without requiring the intervention of a system operator. The system may respond to detected air by pumping the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid away from the fluid recipient and into a processed fluid reservoir, where the air is purged from the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid. Thereafter, the weight of the processed fluid reservoir may be checked to confirm that sufficient fluid has been pumped back into the reservoir to remove the air. After it has been confirmed that the air has been purged from the fluid, the system may resume pumping the fluid toward the fluid recipient.

Claims

1. A fluid processing system for processing fluid and returning processed fluid and/or a replacement fluid to a fluid recipient, the fluid processing system being configured to cooperate with a fluid flow circuit including a fluid recipient line for drawing fluid into the fluid flow circuit and returning processed fluid and/or a replacement fluid from a fluid processing chamber to a fluid recipient, the fluid processing system comprising:

a fluid recipient pump operable in a first direction to pump processed fluid and/or a replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient and in a second direction to pump processed fluid and/or a replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line away from the fluid recipient;

an air detection assembly configured to monitor the contents of the fluid recipient line and produce an output indicative of the presence of air in the fluid recipient line flowing toward the fluid recipient; and

a controller programmed to receive the output from the air detection assembly and, upon receiving said output, automatically instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid containing air through the fluid recipient line away from the fluid recipient at least until the air in the fluid recipient line is removed from the fluid recipient line.

2. The fluid processing system of claim 1, further comprising a processed fluid weigh scale configured to measure first and second weights of at least a portion of the fluid flow circuit and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein, the first weight being measured during operation of the fluid processing system to return processed fluid and/or replacement fluid from the fluid processing chamber toward the fluid recipient and the second weight being measured when operation of the fluid recipient pump is paused, wherein the controller is further programmed to

instruct the fluid recipient pump to pause operation in either the first direction or the second direction after the air in the fluid recipient line has been removed from the fluid recipient line,

compare the first and second weights, and

if the first and second weights are substantially the same or if the second weight is greater than the first weight, instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the first direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient.

3. The fluid processing system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further programmed to verify that the air in the fluid recipient line has passed through the air detection assembly away from the fluid recipient during operation of the fluid recipient pump in the second direction.

4. The fluid processing system of claim 1, wherein

the fluid recipient pump is a rotatable peristaltic pump, and

the controller is programmed to, upon receiving said output, automatically instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction for a preselected number of rotations to remove air from the fluid recipient line.

5. A combination of a fluid processing system and a fluid flow circuit configured to cooperate with the fluid processing system to process fluid and return processed fluid and/or replacement fluid to a fluid recipient, the combination comprising

a fluid flow circuit including a fluid processing chamber, a fluid recipient line for returning processed fluid and/or replacement fluid from the fluid processing chamber to a fluid recipient, a draw branch directly connected to the fluid recipient line, and a reinfusion branch directly connected to the fluid recipient line;

and

a fluid processing system including

a fluid recipient pump operable in a first direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the reinfusion branch and the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient and in a second direction to pump unprocessed fluid through the fluid recipient line and the draw branch to the fluid processing chamber and to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line and the reinfusion branch away from the fluid recipient,

an air detection assembly configured to monitor the contents of the fluid recipient line and produce an output indicative of the presence of air in the fluid recipient line flowing toward the fluid recipient, and

a controller programmed to receive the output from the air detection assembly and, upon receiving said output, automatically instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid containing air through the fluid recipient line and the reinfusion branch away from the fluid recipient at least until the air in the fluid recipient line is removed from the fluid recipient line.

6. The combination of claim 5, wherein the controller is further programmed to verify that the air in the fluid recipient line has passed through the air detection assembly away from the fluid recipient during operation of the fluid recipient pump in the second direction.

7. The combination of claim 5, further comprising a processed fluid weigh scale configured to measure first and second weights of at least a portion of the fluid flow circuit and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein, the first weight being measured during operation of the fluid processing system to return processed fluid and/or replacement fluid from the fluid processing chamber toward the fluid recipient and the second weight being measured when operation of the fluid recipient pump is paused, wherein the controller is further programmed to

instruct the fluid recipient pump to pause operation in either the first direction or the second direction after the air in the fluid recipient line has been removed from the fluid recipient line,

compare the first and second weights and

if the first and second weights are substantially the same or if the second weight is greater than the first weight, instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the first direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient.

8. The combination of claim 7, wherein the fluid flow circuit includes a processed fluid reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid recipient line and the fluid processing chamber and configured to receive an amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid from the fluid processing chamber prior to the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid being returned to the fluid recipient.

9. The combination of claim 8, wherein the processed fluid weigh scale is configured to weigh the processed fluid reservoir and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein.

10. The combination of claim 8, wherein the controller is programmed to instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line into the processed fluid reservoir to remove the air from the fluid recipient line.

11. The combination of claim 8, wherein the controller is further programmed to, upon receiving said output,

determine the amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid in the fluid recipient line between the air and the processed fluid reservoir, and

automatically instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction until said amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid in the fluid recipient line between the air and the processed fluid reservoir plus an additional amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid in the fluid recipient line are pumped into the processed fluid reservoir.

12. The combination of claim 5, wherein

the fluid recipient pump is a rotatable peristaltic pump, and

the controller is programmed to, upon receiving said output, automatically instruct the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction for a preselected number of rotations to remove air from the fluid recipient line.

13. A method of processing a fluid and returning processed fluid and/or replacement fluid to a fluid recipient, the method comprising

obtaining fluid from a fluid source via a fluid recipient line;

processing the fluid;

controlling a fluid recipient pump to operate in a first direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward a fluid recipient;

monitoring the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid being pumped through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient for the presence of air; and

if air is detected in the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid being pumped through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient, automatically controlling the fluid recipient pump to operate in a second direction to pump the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid containing air through the fluid recipient line away from the fluid recipient until the air has been removed from the fluid recipient line.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising monitoring the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid being pumped away from the fluid recipient to verify that the air in the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid has been pumped away from the fluid recipient.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein said controlling the fluid recipient pump to operate in the first direction to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward a fluid recipient includes pumping processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through a fluid flow circuit including the fluid recipient line, and further comprising

measuring a first weight of at least a portion of the fluid flow circuit and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein during operation of the fluid recipient pump to pump processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient,

pausing the flow of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line after the air has been removed from the fluid recipient line,

measuring a second weight of said at least a portion of the fluid flow circuit and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein while the flow of the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line is paused,

comparing the first and second weights, and

if the first and second weights are substantially the same or if the second weight is greater than the first weight, controlling the fluid recipient pump to pump the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the fluid flow circuit includes a processed fluid reservoir into which processed fluid and/or replacement fluid is pumped prior to the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid being pumped through the fluid recipient line toward the fluid recipient.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said measuring the weight of at least a portion of the fluid flow circuit and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein includes measuring the weight of the processed fluid reservoir and the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid therein.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein said automatically controlling the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction to pump the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line away from the fluid recipient until the air has been removed from the fluid recipient line includes pumping the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid into the processed fluid reservoir to remove the air from the fluid recipient line.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising

determining the amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid between the air and the processed fluid reservoir, and

automatically pumping the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid away from the fluid recipient until said amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid between the air and the processed fluid reservoir plus an additional amount of processed fluid and/or replacement fluid are pumped into the processed fluid reservoir.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein

the fluid recipient pump is a rotatable peristaltic pump, and

said automatically controlling the fluid recipient pump to operate in the second direction to pump the processed fluid and/or replacement fluid through the fluid recipient line away from the fluid recipient until the air has been removed from fluid recipient line includes operating the fluid recipient pump for a preselected number of rotations to remove the air from the fluid recipient line.