Electrochemical carbon monoxide production

• US 9,486,771 B2
• Filed: 10/14/2013
• Issued: 11/08/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/19/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Lane, Jonathan Andrew, Christie, Gervase Maxwell, Bonaquist, Dante Patrick
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMAS, CIEL P
• Application Number:
  US14/053,177
• Publication Number:
  US 20140044604A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,121 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/20 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/087 employing electric or magnetic energy
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 1/00 Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

A method and apparatus for producing a carbon monoxide containing product in which cathode and anode sides of an electrically driven oxygen separation device are contacted with carbon dioxide and a reducing agent, respectively. The carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide through ionization of oxygen and the reducing agent lowers the partial pressure of oxygen at the anode side to partially drive oxygen ion transport within the device through the consumption of the oxygen and to supply heat. The lowering of oxygen partial pressure reduces voltage and therefore, electrical power required to be applied to the device and the heat is supplied to heat the device to an operational temperature and to the reduction of the carbon dioxide occurring at the cathode side. The device can be used as part of an integrated apparatus in which the carbon dioxide is supplied from a waste stream of a process plant.

Claims

1. An integrated apparatus for producing a carbon monoxide containing product comprising:

a process plant comprising a waste stream containing carbon dioxide;

a power supply configured to generate an electrical potential;

an electrically driven oxygen separation device having a cathode side and an anode side connected to the power supply such that the electrical potential is applied to the cathode side and the anode side;

a carbon dioxide containing feed stream produced from the waste stream and supplied to the cathode side;

a carbon monoxide containing product stream generated by the reduction of the carbon dioxide feed stream to carbon monoxide through ionization of oxygen at the cathode side and transport of oxygen ions to the anode side of the electrically driven oxygen separation device;

a reducing agent stream containing a reducing agent supplied to the anode side;

a reacted stream formed from the reducing agent stream at the anode side;

a heat exchanger in flow communication with the process plant,

wherein the heat exchanger is connected to the cathode side to preheat the carbon dioxide stream produced from the waste stream and to return the carbon monoxide containing product stream from the cathode side to the heat exchanger and connected to the anode side to preheat the reducing agent stream containing the reducing agent and to return the reacted stream to the heat exchanger from the anode side wherein the preheat is achieved through indirect heat exchange with the reacted stream and the carbon monoxide containing product stream;

wherein the partial pressure of the oxygen is lowered at the anode side and the transport of oxygen ions is driven in part through the consumption of the oxygen, thereby lowering the electrical potential and therefore, reducing electrical power required to be applied to the electrochemical oxygen separation device; and

wherein heat is supplied to the electrochemical oxygen separation device for purposes of heating the electrochemical oxygen separation device to an operational temperature at which oxygen ion transport can occur.

2. The integrated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide containing feed stream also contains water such that the product stream is a synthesis gas stream.

3. The integrated apparatus of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide containing feed stream is produced from the waste stream by provision of a drying system that is positioned between the process plant and the heat exchanger, the drying system configured to condense the water in the waste stream and separate the water after having been condensed, thereby to produce a stream containing about 80.0 percent carbon dioxide on a dry basis as the carbon dioxide containing feed stream.

4. The integrated apparatus of claim 3, wherein:

the reducing agent is methane so that the reacted stream contains additional water and additional carbon dioxide;

the additional water and additional carbon dioxide are separated in the drying system or an additional drying system; and

the additional carbon dioxide is recycled back to the cathode side of the electrically driven oxygen separation device.

5. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 or claim 2 or claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the process plant is selected from the group of plants designed to expel carbon dioxide comprising natural gas processing, the production of mineral products such as cement, lime and soda ash, the production of metals such as iron and steel, aluminum, zinc and lead, production of glass where oxyfuel combustion is used and the production of chemicals such as ethanol, ammonia, ethylene oxide and titanium dioxide.