Apparatus and methods for backward propagation of errors in a spiking neuron network
First Claim
1. A method of communicating feedback from one layer to an other layer of a multilayer spiking neuron network, the method comprising:
- determining the feedback based at least on an output from the one layer and a teaching input into the one layer;
encoding the feedback into a spike latency of a first spike and a second spike;
communicating the first and the second spikes to the other layer;
based on the first spike and the second spike, determining an error associated with an output of the other layer; and
adjusting an efficacy of an input connection into the other layer based on an input to the other layer and the error;
wherein the encoding further comprises a binary encoding comprising the step of determining a latency of the first spike based at least on a first bit value associated with the feedback, and a latency of the second spike based at least on a second bit value associated with the feedback.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatus and methods for developing robotic controllers comprising parallel networks. In some implementations, a parallel network may comprise at least first and second neuron layers. The second layer may be configured to determine a measure of discrepancy (error) between a target network output and actual network output. The network output may comprise control signal configured to cause a task execution by the robot. The error may be communicated back to the first neuron layer in order to adjust efficacy of input connections into the first layer. The error may be encoded into spike latency using linear or nonlinear encoding. Error communication and control signal provision may be time multiplexed so as to enable target action execution. Efficacy associated with forward and backward/reverse connections may be stored in individual arrays. A synchronization mechanism may be employed to match forward/reverse efficacy in order to implement plasticity.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method of communicating feedback from one layer to an other layer of a multilayer spiking neuron network, the method comprising:
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determining the feedback based at least on an output from the one layer and a teaching input into the one layer; encoding the feedback into a spike latency of a first spike and a second spike; communicating the first and the second spikes to the other layer; based on the first spike and the second spike, determining an error associated with an output of the other layer; and adjusting an efficacy of an input connection into the other layer based on an input to the other layer and the error; wherein the encoding further comprises a binary encoding comprising the step of determining a latency of the first spike based at least on a first bit value associated with the feedback, and a latency of the second spike based at least on a second bit value associated with the feedback. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An apparatus comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising a plurality of instructions configured to, when executed by a processor, cause the apparatus to:
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determine a feedback based at least on an output from one layer and a teaching input into the one layer; encode the feedback into a property of at least one spike; communicate the at least one spike to an other layer; based on the at least one spike, determine an error associated with an output of the other layer; and adjust an efficacy of an input connection into the other layer based on an input to the other layer and the error; wherein; the at least one spike is configured to communicate payload information comprising a plurality of bits; and the feedback is encoded into the plurality of bits. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A controller apparatus useful for controlling a robot, the apparatus comprising:
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a first plurality of spiking neurons configured to receive, via a plurality of input connections, a sensory input associated with an environment of the robot, and to provide a signal conveying information about an object within the environment; a second plurality of spiking neurons configured to determine a control output based at least on the signal; and one or more output connections configured to provide the control output for the robot; wherein the second plurality of neurons is configured to; determine an error measure based at least on the control output and the teaching input; communicate the error measure to the first plurality of neurons via a feedback interface, the feedback interface being configured to share access to the neuron with the one or more output connections; the second plurality of neurons is configured to be updated at a plurality of iterations; the control output and communication of the error measure by the second plurality of neurons are configured as a time multiplex characterized by at least; a first portion of the plurality of iterations being configured to provide the control output to the robot; and a second portion of the plurality of iterations being configured to communicate the feedback to the first plurality of neurons. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification