Organic el element, organic el panel, organic el light-emitting apparatus, organic el display apparatus, and method of manufacturing organic el element
First Claim
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1. An organic EL element, comprising:
- an anode;
a cathode;
a functional layer, containing an organic material, between the anode and the cathode; and
a hole injection layer, for injecting holes to the functional layer, between the anode and the functional layer, whereinthe hole injection layer is a metal oxide film composed of only a metal oxide,metal atoms constituting the metal oxide include both metal atoms at a maximum valence thereof and metal atoms at a valence less than the maximum valence,the metal oxide film includes crystals of the metal oxide, a particle diameter of the crystals being on an order of nanometers,grain boundaries of the crystals of the metal oxide are continuously connected between two surfaces of the metal oxide film in at least one location in a thickness direction of the metal oxide film, andthe metal oxide is tungsten oxide, so that the metal oxide film is a tungsten oxide film.
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Abstract
An organic EL element includes a hole injection layer that yields excellent hole conduction efficiency. The organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode, and functional layers that include organic material between the anode the cathode. The functional layers include a hole injection layer that injects holes into the functional layers. The hole injection layer is a metal oxide film that includes a metal oxide. The metal atoms constituting the metal oxide include both metal atoms at a maximum valence thereof and metal atoms at a valence less than the maximum valence, and the metal oxide film includes metal oxide crystals having a particle diameter on the order of nanometers.
51 Citations
22 Claims
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1. An organic EL element, comprising:
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an anode; a cathode; a functional layer, containing an organic material, between the anode and the cathode; and a hole injection layer, for injecting holes to the functional layer, between the anode and the functional layer, wherein the hole injection layer is a metal oxide film composed of only a metal oxide, metal atoms constituting the metal oxide include both metal atoms at a maximum valence thereof and metal atoms at a valence less than the maximum valence, the metal oxide film includes crystals of the metal oxide, a particle diameter of the crystals being on an order of nanometers, grain boundaries of the crystals of the metal oxide are continuously connected between two surfaces of the metal oxide film in at least one location in a thickness direction of the metal oxide film, and the metal oxide is tungsten oxide, so that the metal oxide film is a tungsten oxide film. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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Specification