Rapid shutdown solid state circuit for photovoltaic energy generation systems

• US 9,496,710 B2
• Filed: 04/08/2015
• Issued: 11/15/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tesla Inc.
• Original Assignee: SolarCity Corporation (Tesla Inc.)
• Inventors: Narla, Sandeep, Mayer, Alex, Jensen, Soren
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Thienvu
• Assistant Examiner(s): Stables, David M
• Application Number:
  US14/681,705
• Publication Number:
  US 20160190798A1
• Time in Patent Office: 587 Days
• Field of Search: 307/80
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/122 for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/20 for electronic equipment for converters H02H7/10; for electric measuring instruments G01R1/36; for dc voltage or current semiconductor regulators G05F1/569; for amplifiers H03F1/52; for electronic switching circuits H03K17/08
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/388 Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/44 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

A solid state circuit for performing rapid shutdown of a photovoltaic power generation system includes a pair of high voltage power transistors connected between a photovoltaic array and a pair of high voltage lines that function to supply power generated by the photovoltaic array to a DC to AC inverter. The solid state circuit further includes a control circuit configured so that when the photovoltaic power generation system operates under normal conditions, the control circuit maintains the pair of high voltage power transistors in the on state so that power produced by the photovoltaic array can be transmitted to the DC to AC inverter through the pair of high voltage lines. The control circuit is further configured so that upon receiving a rapid shutdown command, the control circuit turns off the pair of high voltage power transistors to thereby electrically disconnect the photovoltaic array from the pair of power lines.

Claims

1. A rapid shutdown solid state circuit for a photovoltaic power generation system, the rapid shutdown solid state circuit comprising:

a pair of high voltage power transistors configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the pair of high voltage power transistors is connected between a photovoltaic array and a pair of high voltage lines comprising a positive conductive power line and a negative conductive power line that supply power generated by the photovoltaic array to a DC to AC inverter, each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors being disposed along a respective conductive power line of the pair of high voltage lines, wherein the pair of high voltage power transistors are disposed closer to the photovoltaic array than the DC to AC inverter;

a control circuit configured so that when the photovoltaic power generation system operates under normal conditions, the control circuit maintains the pair of high voltage power transistors in the on state so that power produced by the photovoltaic array can be transmitted to the DC to AC inverter through the positive and negative conductive power lines, the control circuit being further configured so that upon receiving a rapid shutdown command, the control circuit turns off the pair of high voltage power transistors to thereby electrically disconnect the photovoltaic array from the positive and negative conductive power lines to prevent further flow of power from the photovoltaic array to the positive and negative conductive power lines; and

a discharge circuit coupled to discharge the positive and negative conductive power lines when activated, wherein when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the pair of high voltage transistors are connected between the photovoltaic array and the discharge circuit.

2. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 further comprising a power supply configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the power supply converts a high voltage provided by the photovoltaic array to a lower voltage for powering the rapid shutdown solid state circuit.

3. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 further comprising a detection circuit configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the detection circuit detects a state of the DC to AC inverter, and in response provides a command to the control circuit for controlling a state of each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors.

4. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 wherein the discharge circuit is further configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, upon receipt of the rapid shut down command, the discharge circuit discharges capacitors coupled to inputs of the DC to AC inverter.

5. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 wherein the discharge circuit includes a transistor having a drain coupled to a first one of the pair of high voltage lines through one or more discharge resistors, a source coupled to a second one of the pair of high voltage lines, and a gate coupled to the first one of the pair of high voltage lines through a resistor.

6. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 wherein the discharge circuit includes a discharge transistor coupled between the pair of high voltage lines, the control circuit being configured so that upon receiving the rapid shutdown command, the control circuit applies a first voltage to a gate terminal of the discharge transistor to turn on the discharge transistor.

7. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 wherein each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors includes multiple parallel-connected power MOSFETs.

8. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 further comprising at least one status indicator LED.

9. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 further comprising a wireless antenna and a transceiver configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is operable to wirelessly communicate with the DC to AC inverter.

10. The rapid shutdown solid state circuit according to claim 1 further comprising a modem configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is operable to send a signal indicating the current status of the rapid shutdown solid state circuit via an output of the rapid shutdown solid state circuit that is connected to the DC to AC inverter.

11. A photovoltaic power generation system comprising:

a photovoltaic array;

a DC to AC inverter; and

a rapid shutdown solid state circuit connected between the photovoltaic array and a pair of high voltage lines comprising a positive conductive power line and a negative conductive power line that supply power generated by the photovoltaic array to the DC to AC inverter, the rapid shutdown solid state circuit comprising;

a pair of high voltage power transistors connected between the photovoltaic array and the positive and negative conductive power lines, each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors being disposed along a respective conductive power line of the pair of high voltage lines, wherein the pair of high voltage power transistors are disposed closer to the photovoltaic array than the DC to AC inverter;

a control circuit configured so that when the photovoltaic power generation system operates under normal conditions, the control circuit maintains the pair of high voltage power transistors in the on state so that power produced by the photovoltaic array can be transmitted to the DC to AC inverter through the positive and negative conductive power lines, the control circuit being further configured so that upon receiving a rapid shutdown command, the control circuit turns off the pair of high voltage power transistors to thereby electrically disconnect the photovoltaic array from the positive and negative conductive power lines to prevent further flow of power from the photovoltaic array to the positive and negative conductive power lines; and

a discharge circuit coupled to discharge the pair of high voltage lines when activated, wherein when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in the photovoltaic power generation system, the pair of high voltage transistors are connected between the photovoltaic array and the discharge circuit.

12. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 wherein the rapid shutdown solid state circuit further comprises a power supply configured to convert a high voltage provided by the photovoltaic array to a lower voltage for powering the rapid shutdown solid state circuit.

13. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 wherein the rapid shutdown solid state circuit further comprises a detection circuit configured to detect a state of the DC to AC inverter, and in response provide a command to the control circuit for controlling a state of each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors.

14. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 wherein the discharge circuit is further configured so that upon receipt of the rapid shut down command, the discharge circuit discharges capacitors coupled to inputs of the DC to AC inverter.

15. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 wherein the discharge circuit includes a transistor having a drain coupled to a first one of the pair of high voltage lines through one or more discharge resistors, a source coupled to a second one of the pair of high voltage lines, and a gate coupled to the first one of the pair of high voltage lines through a resistor.

16. The photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 11 wherein the discharge circuit includes a discharge transistor coupled between the pair of high voltage lines, the control circuit being configured so that upon receiving the rapid shutdown command, the control circuit applies a first voltage to a gate terminal of the discharge transistor to turn on the discharge transistor.

17. A method of operating a rapid shutdown solid state circuit for a photovoltaic power generation system, the method comprising:

converting a high voltage provided by a photovoltaic array to a lower voltage for powering the rapid shutdown solid state circuit, the rapid shutdown solid state circuit including a pair of high voltage power transistors configured so that when the rapid shutdown solid state circuit is integrated in a photovoltaic power generation system, the pair of high voltage power transistors are coupled between the photovoltaic array and a pair of high voltage lines, the pair of high voltage lines comprising a positive conductive power line and a negative conductive power line that supply power generated by the photovoltaic array to a DC to AC inverter, each transistor of the pair of high voltage power transistors being disposed along a respective conductive power line of the pair of high voltage lines, wherein the pair of high voltage power transistors are disposed closer to the photovoltaic array than the DC to AC inverter;

receiving a rapid shutdown command;

turning off the pair of high voltage power transistors in response to the rapid shutdown command to thereby electrically disconnect the photovoltaic array from the positive and negative conductive power lines to prevent further flow of power from the photovoltaic array to the positive and negative conductive power lines; and

activating a discharge circuit to discharge the positive and negative conductive power lines.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the discharge circuit discharges capacitors coupled to the pair of power lines after the pair of high voltage transistors are turned off.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the discharge circuit includes a power transistor coupled between the pair of high voltage lines for discharging the capacitors.

20. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

detecting a state of the DC to AC inverter; and

in response to the detecting step, providing a control signal for controlling a state of the pair of high voltage power transistors.