Spinel compositions and applications thereof
First Claim
1. A catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).
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Accused Products
Abstract
Spinels having a general formula of AB2O4, where A and B are a transition metal but not the same transition metal are disclosed. Spinel and spinel compositions of the application are useful in various applications and methods as further described.
297 Citations
50 Claims
- 1. A catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).
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14. A battery comprising an anode or cathode, wherein the anode or the cathode comprise an active ingredient comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi) and indium (In), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Ti), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In).
- 15. A method of cleaning emissions from a combustion engine comprising directing exhaust from a combustion engine through or flow over a catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).
- 16. A polymeric material comprising a polymeric formulation and a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are each independently a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal.
- 21. A method of generating hydrogen comprising reacting carbon monoxide and steam with a catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and indium (In).
- 23. A method of generating hydrogen comprising reacting steam with a hydrocarbon in a reforming catalyst, wherein the reforming catalyst comprises a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal.
- 26. A thermoelectric composition comprising a spinel and aliovalent dopant, wherein the spinel has an oxygen vacancy or cation defect, and wherein the spinel has the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi) and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi).
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30. A spinel composition comprising a) spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal;
- b) a binder; and
optionally, c) an additive, and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi). - View Dependent Claims (31, 32)
- b) a binder; and
- 35. An oxygen storage material comprising a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, wherein A and B are not the same transition metal.
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37. A catalytic converter comprising
i) a spinel having the general formula of AB2O4, wherein A and B are a transition metal, and wherein A and B are not the same transition metal; ii) a platinum group metal (PGM), and wherein A is selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and B is selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), vanadium (V), silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), gallium (Ga), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), and bismuth (Bi). - View Dependent Claims (38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
Specification