Power amplifier saturation detection

• US 9,515,611 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2014
• Issued: 12/06/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Skyworks Solutions Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Skyworks Solutions Incorporated
• Inventors: Andrys, Paul Raymond, Gerard, Michael Lynn, Shie, Terrence John
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Sibin
• Application Number:
  US14/575,919
• Publication Number:
  US 20150207463A1
• Time in Patent Office: 719 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 7/067 Single-ended amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0216 Continuous control
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/171 A filter circuit coupled to the output of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/211 using a combination of several amplifiers H03F3/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/213 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 11/02 by means of diodes H03G11/008, H03G11/04, H03G11/06, H03G11/08 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/007 Control dependent on the supply voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/06 Modifications for ensuring a fully conducting state
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0408 with power amplifiers

Abstract

In a portable radio transceiver, a power amplifier system includes a saturation detector that detects power amplifier saturation in response to duty cycle of the amplifier transistor collector voltage waveform. The saturation detection output signal can be used by a power control circuit to back off or reduce the amplification level of the power amplifier to avoid power amplifier control loop saturation.

Claims

1. A power amplifier system comprising:

a first integrated circuit chip, the first integrated circuit chip including a power amplifier and a limiter in electrical communication with the power amplifier, the limiter including a diode that clips a positive voltage excursion and passes a negative voltage excursion to an averaging filter; and

a second integrated circuit chip including a comparator in electrical communication with the averaging filter and configured to generate a saturation detection signal based at least in part on an output of the averaging filter, the second integrated circuit chip further including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch configured to electrically connect the output of the averaging filter to a first input of the comparator and the second switch configured to electrically connect an output of a second averaging filter to a second input of the comparator when a first band-select signal is received, the output of the second averaging filter serving as a comparator reference voltage when the first band-select signal is received.

2. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the saturation detection signal is used to reduce the amplification level of the power amplifier.

3. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the second integrated circuit chip further includes a power amplifier controller, the power amplifier controller configured to adjust a target power level of the power amplifier based at least in part on the saturation detection signal.

4. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein a collector of the power amplifier is in electrical communication with an inductor, the inductor in electrical communication with a power supply.

5. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the comparator is in electrical communication with the second averaging filter, the second averaging filter configured to provide a level-shifted voltage signal to the comparator, the level-shifted voltage signal serving as the comparator reference voltage.

6. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the first switch is further configured to electrically connect the output of the averaging filter to the second input of the comparator and the second switch is further configured to electrically connect the output of the second averaging filter to the first input of the comparator when a second band-select signal is received.

7. The power amplifier system of claim 6 wherein the output of the first averaging filter serves as the comparator reference voltage when the second band-select signal is received.

8. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the positive voltage excursion is clipped at a value of substantially one diode drop.

9. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the averaging filter is a low-pass filter.

10. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the first integrated circuit chip and the second integrated circuit chip are formed using different semiconductor materials.

11. The power amplifier system of claim 1 wherein the first integrated circuit chip is formed using Indium-Gallium-Phosphide (InGaP) and the second integrated circuit chip is formed using silicon.

12. A method for detecting power amplifier saturation, the method comprising:

receiving a first band-select signal at a power amplifier system, the power amplifier system including a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier;

responsive to the first band-select signal, activating the first power amplifier and deactivating the second power amplifier;

amplifying a first output signal of the first power amplifier;

blocking a positive voltage excursion of the first output signal and passing a negative voltage excursion of the first output signal to obtain a first limited signal;

averaging the first limited signal to obtain a first averaged signal; and

comparing the first averaged signal to a first reference signal at a comparator to obtain a first saturation detection signal, the first reference signal based at least in part on a signal from the second power amplifier.

13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:

receiving a second band-select signal corresponding to a different frequency band than a frequency band corresponding to the first band-select signal;

responsive to the second band-select signal, deactivating the first power amplifier and activating the second power amplifier;

amplifying a second output signal of the second power amplifier;

blocking a positive voltage excursion of the second output signal and passing a negative voltage excursion of the second output signal to obtain a second limited signal;

averaging the second limited signal to obtain a second averaged signal; and

comparing the second averaged signal to a second reference signal at the comparator to obtain a second saturation detection signal.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the second reference signal is based at least in part on a signal from the first power amplifier.

15. The method of claim 12 further comprising modifying a target power level of the first power amplifier based at least in part on the first saturation detection signal.

16. A wireless device comprising:

a baseband subsystem configured to generate a band-select signal; and

a power amplifier system including a first integrated circuit chip and a second integrated circuit chip, the first integrated circuit chip including a power amplifier activated based on the band-select signal and a limiter in electrical communication with the power amplifier, the limiter including a diode that clips a positive voltage excursion and passes a negative voltage excursion to an averaging filter, the second integrated circuit chip including a comparator in electrical communication with the averaging filter and configured to generate a saturation detection signal based at least in part on an output of the averaging filter, the second integrated circuit chip further including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch configured to electrically connect the output of the averaging filter to a second input of the comparator and the second switch configured to electrically connect the output of the second averaging filter to a first input of the comparator when a band-select signal is received, the output of the first averaging filter serving as a comparator reference voltage when the band-select signal is received.

17. The wireless device of claim 16 wherein the second integrated circuit chip further includes a first switch and a second switch, the first switch configured to electrically connect the output of the averaging filter to a first input of the comparator and the second switch configured to electrically connect an output of a second averaging filter to a second input of the comparator based on the band-select signal.

18. A power amplifier system comprising:

a first integrated circuit chip, the first integrated circuit chip including a power amplifier and a limiter in electrical communication with the power amplifier, the limiter including a diode that clips a positive voltage excursion and passes a negative voltage excursion to an averaging filter; and

a second integrated circuit chip including a comparator in electrical communication with the averaging filter and configured to generate a saturation detection signal based at least in part on an output of the averaging filter, the second integrated circuit chip further including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch configured to electrically connect the output of the averaging filter to a second input of the comparator and the second switch configured to electrically connect the output of the second averaging filter to a first input of the comparator when a band-select signal is received, the output of the first averaging filter serving as a comparator reference voltage when the band-select signal is received.

19. A method for detecting power amplifier saturation, the method comprising:

receiving a first band-select signal at a power amplifier system, the power amplifier system including a first power amplifier and a second power amplifier;

responsive to the first band-select signal, activating the first power amplifier and deactivating the second power amplifier;

amplifying a first output signal of the first power amplifier;

blocking a positive voltage excursion of the first output signal and passing a negative voltage excursion of the first output signal to obtain a first limited signal;

averaging the first limited signal to obtain a first averaged signal;

comparing the first averaged signal to a first reference signal at a comparator to obtain a first saturation detection signal; and

comparing a second averaged signal to a second reference signal at the comparator to obtain a second saturation detection signal, the second reference signal based at least in part on a signal from the first power amplifier.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:

receiving a second band-select signal corresponding to a different frequency band than a frequency band corresponding to the first band-select signal;

responsive to the second band-select signal, deactivating the first power amplifier and activating the second power amplifier;

amplifying a second output signal of the second power amplifier;

blocking a positive voltage excursion of the second output signal and passing a negative voltage excursion of the second output signal to obtain a second limited signal; and

averaging the second limited signal to obtain the second averaged signal.