Methods and systems for power optimization in a medical device

• US 9,517,018 B2
• Filed: 01/25/2016
• Issued: 12/13/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Lisogurski, Daniel, Baker, Clark R. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): REMALY, MARK DONALD
• Application Number:
  US15/006,031
• Publication Number:
  US 20160135692A1
• Time in Patent Office: 323 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0209 adapted for power saving
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0095 by applying light and detecting acoustic waves, i.e. photoacoustic measurements
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0261 using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0295 using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7292 Prospective gating, i.e. predicting the occurrence of a physiological event for use as a synchronisation signal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B

Abstract

A physiological monitoring system may use photonic signals to determine physiological parameters. The system may vary parameters of a light drive signal used to generate the photonic signal from a light source such that power consumption is reduced or optimized. Parameters may include light intensity, firing rate, duty cycle, other suitable parameters, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the system may use information from a first light source to generate a light drive signal for a second light source. In some embodiments, the system may vary parameters in a way substantially synchronous with physiological pulses, for example, cardiac pulses. In some embodiments, the system may vary parameters in response to an external trigger.

Claims

1. A method of operating a pulse oximeter, the method comprising:

receiving, using the pulse oximeter, a photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a pulse oximetry sensor, which comprises a light source and a detector;

determining, using the pulse oximeter, pulse period information related to physiological pulses in the PPG signal;

determining, using the pulse oximeter, at least one parameter of a light drive signal based on the pulse period information, wherein the at least one parameter is determined to vary substantially synchronously with the physiological pulses, and wherein the determined at least one parameter comprises at least one of light intensity, light source firing rate, and duty cycle; and

generating, using the pulse oximeter, the light drive signal for activating the light source of the pulse oximetry sensor to emit a photonic signal according to the determined at least one parameter.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined at least one parameter comprises the light intensity.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the light intensity comprises a high value and a low value, and wherein the light intensity is varied so that the high value coincides with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the light intensity is varied according to a periodic waveform, wherein the periodic waveform comprises a plurality of peaks, and wherein the peaks are configured to coincide with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined at least one parameter comprises the light source firing rate.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the light source firing rate comprises a high value and a low value, and wherein the light source firing rate is varied so that the high value coincides with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the light source firing rate is varied according to a periodic waveform, wherein the periodic waveform comprises a plurality peaks, and wherein the peaks are configured to coincide with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining, using the pulse oximeter, a sampling rate of an analog-to-digital converter of the pulse oximeter based on the pulse period information, wherein the sampling rate is determined to vary substantially synchronously with the physiological pulses in the PPG signal; and

sampling, using the analog-to-digital converter of the pulse oximeter, the PPG signal according to the determined sampling rate.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined at least one parameter comprises the duty cycle.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the duty cycle comprises a high value corresponding to a longer duty cycle and a low value corresponding to a shorter duty cycle, and wherein the duty cycle is varied so that the high value coincides with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the duty cycle is varied according to a periodic waveform, wherein the periodic waveform comprises a plurality of peaks, and wherein the peaks are configured to coincide with at least one of a systole period, a diastole period, a dicrotic notch, a peak, and a trough of the physiological pulses.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the physiological pulses of the subject comprise one of cardiac pulses and respiratory pulses.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises at least two emitters and wherein the light drive signal is configured to activate the at least two emitters.

14. The method of claim 13, the wherein the at least one parameter is determined to vary for each of the at least two emitters.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an external trigger, wherein the at least one parameter is further determined based on the external trigger.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving, using the pulse oximeter, a subsequent portion of the PPG signal that is generated based on the light source being activated by the light drive signal; and

determining, using the pulse oximeter, at least one of pulse rate and oxygen saturation of the subject based on the subsequent portion of the PPG signal.

17. A method of claim 1, wherein the pulse period information comprises at least one pulse period of the physiological pulses.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the physiological pulses comprise at least one period of interest and wherein the at least one parameter of the light drive signal is determined to increase power during the at least one period of interest.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one parameter of the light drive signal is determined to increase power based on when the period of interest occurred in a prior physiological pulse and based on the at least one determined pulse period.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the at least one parameter of the light drive signal is determined to increase power further based on a time offset.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pulse period information further comprises a standard deviation of pulse periods of the physiological pulses and wherein the time offset is determined based on the standard deviation.