Variable redundancy in a solid state drive

• US 9,524,113 B2
• Filed: 05/29/2013
• Issued: 12/20/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Original Assignee: Seagate Technology LLC (Seagate Technology Holdings Plc)
• Inventors: Baryudin, Leonid
• Primary Examiner(s): Verbrugge, Kevin
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mercado, Ramon A
• Application Number:
  US13/904,362
• Publication Number:
  US 20140351486A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,301 Days
• Field of Search: 711/103, 711/114
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0632 by initialisation or re-initialisation of storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0688 Non-volatile semiconductor memory arrays

Abstract

An apparatus comprising a memory and a controller. The memory may be configured to process a plurality of read/write operations. The memory comprises a plurality of memory modules each having a size less than a total size of the memory. The controller is configured to provide a first redundancy scheme when user data occupies less than a preconfigured limit and a second redundancy scheme that protects less than all of the user data when the user data occupies greater than the preconfigured limit.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a memory configured to store data, the memory comprising a plurality of memory modules each having a size less than a total size of the memory; and

a controller configured to process a plurality of read/write operations to/from the memory and select between (a) using a first redundancy scheme on user data to be stored across the memory modules when an amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and previously stored data is less than a predetermined threshold capacity of the memory and (b) using a second redundancy scheme on all or a portion of the user data to be stored across the memory modules when the amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and the previously stored data is greater than the predetermined threshold capacity of the memory, wherein the second redundancy scheme protects less than all of the data written using the second redundancy scheme and data that has not changed for a predetermined amount of time is given preference to be selected for protection by the first redundancy scheme over data that has changed within the predetermined amount of time.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

the first redundancy scheme comprises a high level redundancy; and

the second redundancy comprises a low level redundancy.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein (i) the second redundancy scheme comprises writing the user data with no redundancy and (ii) the controller writes to either a portion of the memory with the first redundancy scheme or a portion of the memory with no redundancy.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first redundancy scheme fully protects the data.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein (i) the memory modules are memory dies, (ii) at least one of the first redundancy scheme and the second redundancy scheme is configured to protect the data using one of the memory dies configured to store redundancy information for a respective stripe of the data and (iii) the stripe of the data is stored across a plurality of the memory dies.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the redundancy information comprises at least one of a parity code and a Reed-Solomon code.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein only redundancy information for data considered to be valid is recreated during at least one of recycling and garbage collection.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein (i) portions of a first stripe having the data considered to be valid and portions of a second stripe having the data considered to be valid are combined to create a combined stripe and (ii) one of the memory dies used for the combined stripe stores the redundancy information for the combined stripe.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data stored using the second redundancy scheme is recycled and stored using the first redundancy scheme after the amount of the memory occupied by the stored data is less than the predetermined threshold capacity of the memory.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a solid-state drive configured to implement a variable redundancy across the memory modules within the solid-state drive and the predetermined threshold capacity is determined based upon the number of memory modules, a first value representing a portion of the entire memory that is to be filled with user data while being protected by the first redundancy scheme, and a second value representing a target amount of the entire memory to be used for redundancy.

11. An apparatus comprising:

an interface configured to (a) connect to a memory and (b) process a plurality of read/write operations, the memory comprising a plurality of memory modules each having a size less than a total size of the memory; and

a processor configured to select between (a) using a first redundancy scheme on user data to be stored across the memory modules when an amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and previously stored data is less than a predetermined threshold capacity of the memory and (b) using a second redundancy scheme on all or a portion of the user data to be written across the memory modules when the amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and the previously stored data is greater than the predetermined threshold capacity of the memory, wherein the second redundancy scheme protects less than all of the data written using the second redundancy scheme and data that has not changed for a predetermined amount of time is given preference to be selected for protection by the first redundancy scheme over data that has changed within the predetermined amount of time.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein (A) the second redundancy scheme protects a first portion of the user data with redundancy and a second portion of the user data is stored without redundancy and (B) a determination of the first portion of the user data and the second portion of the user data is based on a particular data type.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first portion of the user data comprises recycled data that has not been changed for a predetermined amount of time.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first portion of the user data comprises data marked by a user as being important.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the particular data type is cold data.

16. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein (A) the second redundancy scheme protects a first portion of the user data with redundancy and a second portion of the user data is stored without redundancy and (B) a determination of the first portion of the user data and the second portion of the user data is based on a logical location of the user data.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein redundancy settings are different for different parts of the user data written with redundancy.

18. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the memory comprises a flash memory.

19. A method for storing data, comprising:

processing a plurality of read/write operations to/from a memory, the memory comprising a plurality of memory modules each having a size less than a total size of the memory; and

selecting between a plurality of redundancy schemes, wherein (a) a first of the redundancy schemes stores user data to be written across the memory modules with full protection when an amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and previously stored data is less than a predetermined threshold capacity of the memory, (b) a second of the redundancy schemes stores the user data to be written across the memory modules with less than all of the user data protected when the amount of the memory that would be occupied by the user data and the previously stored data is greater than the predetermined threshold capacity of the memory, and (c) data that has not changed for a predetermined amount of time is given preference to be selected for protection by the first redundancy scheme over data that has changed within the predetermined amount of time.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the method implements a variable redundancy across the memory modules within a solid-state drive and the predetermined threshold capacity is determined based upon the number of memory modules, a first value representing a portion of the entire memory that is to be filled with user data while being protected by the first redundancy scheme, and a second value representing a target amount of the entire memory to be used for redundancy.