Automated aircraft ground threat avoidance system

• US 9,547,993 B2
• Filed: 02/23/2015
• Issued: 01/17/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/23/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Khatwa, Ratan, B, Jayasenthilnathan
• Primary Examiner(s): FREJD, RUSSELL WARREN
• Application Number:
  US14/629,017
• Publication Number:
  US 20160247406A1
• Time in Patent Office: 694 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 45/04 Landing aids; Safety measures to prevent collision with earth's surface
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/93 for anti-collision purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/51 Relative positioning
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0061 for transition from automatic pilot to manual pilot and vice versa
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0083 to help an aircraft pilot in the rolling phase
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0676 specially adapted for landing
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 1/0833 using limited authority control
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/0021 located in the aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/04 Anti-collision systems
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/045 Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. determination of anti-collision manoeuvers radar or analogous systems specially adapted for anti-collision between aircraft G01S13/933
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/06 for control when on the ground
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/065 Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. for taxiing or rolling

Abstract

This disclosure is directed to methods, systems, and computer program products for automated avoidance of ground threats by an aircraft. In one example, a method includes determining, by one or more processing devices, whether a sufficient evasive maneuver for an aircraft to avoid a detected ground surface threat is performed via pilot controls of the aircraft within a selected threshold after an alert of the ground surface threat is outputted via one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft. The method further includes, in response to determining that a sufficient evasive maneuver via the pilot controls is not performed within the selected threshold, controlling, by the one or more processing devices, one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform an automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

determining, by one or more processing devices, whether a sufficient evasive maneuver for an aircraft to avoid a detected ground surface threat is performed via pilot controls of the aircraft within a selected threshold of distance after an alert of the ground surface threat is outputted via one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft; and

in response to determining that a sufficient evasive maneuver via the pilot controls is not performed within the selected threshold of distance, controlling, by the one or more processing devices, one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform an automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

prior to the determining whether the sufficient evasive maneuver for the aircraft to avoid the detected ground surface threat is performed via the pilot controls, detecting, by the one or more processing devices, the ground surface threat to the aircraft during a landing, taxiing, or takeoff of the aircraft.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

prior to the determining whether the sufficient evasive maneuver for the aircraft to avoid the detected ground surface threat is performed via the pilot controls, generating, by the one or more processing devices, the alert of the ground surface threat via the one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat comprises controlling, by the one or more processing devices, engines of the aircraft to enter a Takeoff/Go-around (TOGA) mode.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat comprises controlling, by the one or more processing devices, engines and flight surfaces of the aircraft to pursue a procedural missed approach trajectory or a procedural go-around trajectory.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat comprises:

determining a trajectory for the automated evasive maneuver based on criteria comprising one or more of;

a layout of an airport, local terrain and obstacles, trajectories of any proximate air traffic, and a state of the detected ground surface threat; and

controlling the aircraft to pursue the determined trajectory.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat comprises applying, by the one or more processing devices, changes to one or more of:

one or more flaps, one or more elevators, one or more ailerons, and landing gear.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat comprises at least one of:

applying, by the one or more processing devices, brakes of a nose wheel of the aircraft, and steering, by the one or more processing devices, a nose wheel of the aircraft.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected threshold of distance comprises an interval of distance traveled.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected threshold of distance comprises a threshold of separation distance between the aircraft and the detected ground surface threat.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected threshold of distance comprises a threshold of altitude change.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected threshold of distance comprises criteria combining a distance and a threshold of deceleration or a threshold of heading change.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected threshold of distance comprises criteria combining two or more of an interval of time, a threshold of distance traveled, a threshold of separation distance or separation time between the aircraft and the object of the threat, a threshold of altitude change, a threshold of vertical speed change, a threshold of deceleration, and a threshold of heading change.

14. A system comprising:

one or more memory devices; and

one or more processors operably coupled to the one or more memory devices and configured to;

determine whether a sufficient evasive maneuver for an aircraft to avoid a detected ground surface threat is performed via pilot controls of the aircraft within a selected threshold of distance after an alert of the ground surface threat is outputted via one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft; and

control, in response to determining that a sufficient evasive maneuver via the pilot controls is not performed within the selected threshold of distance, one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform an automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:

one or more processors configured to detect, prior to the determining whether the sufficient evasive maneuver for the aircraft to avoid the detected ground surface threat is performed via the pilot controls, the ground surface threat to the aircraft during a landing, taxiing, or takeoff of the aircraft; and

one or more processors configured to generate, prior to the determining whether the sufficient evasive maneuver for the aircraft to avoid the detected ground surface threat is performed via the pilot controls, the alert of the ground surface threat via the one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors configured to control the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver are configured to control the aircraft to execute one or more of a Takeoff/Go-around (TOGA) mode, a procedural go-around trajectory, and a determined trajectory based on criteria comprising one or more of:

a layout of an airport, local terrain and obstacles, trajectories of any proximate air traffic, and a state of the detected ground surface threat.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors configured to control the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform the automated evasive maneuver are configured to control the aircraft to execute one or more of:

applying brakes of a nose wheel of the aircraft, and steering a nose wheel of the aircraft.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors configured to determine whether a sufficient evasive maneuver for the aircraft to avoid the detected ground surface threat is performed via the pilot controls of the aircraft within the selected threshold of distance after the alert of the ground surface threat is outputted are configured such that the selected threshold of distance comprises one or more of:

a threshold of distance traveled, a threshold of separation distance between the aircraft and the object of the threat, or a threshold of altitude change.

19. A computer program product comprising:

a non-transitory data storage device;

executable instructions stored on the data storage device to cause the one or more processing devices to determine whether a sufficient evasive maneuver for an aircraft to avoid a detected ground surface threat is performed via pilot controls of the aircraft within a selected threshold of distance after an alert of the ground surface threat is outputted via one or more cockpit systems of the aircraft; and

executable instructions stored on the data storage device to cause the one or more processing devices to control, in response to determining that a sufficient evasive maneuver via the pilot controls is not performed within the selected threshold of distance, one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform an automated evasive maneuver to avoid the ground surface threat.

20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the executable instructions to cause the one or more processing devices to control the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform an automated evasive maneuver comprise executable instructions to cause the one or more processing devices to control the one or more flight systems of the aircraft to perform at least one of:

a Takeoff/Go-around (TOGA) mode;

a procedural missed approach trajectory or a procedural go-around trajectory;

a determined trajectory based on criteria comprising one or more of;

a layout of an airport, local terrain and obstacles, trajectories of any proximate air traffic, and a state of the detected ground surface threat;

application of brakes of a nose wheel of the aircraft; and

steering of a nose wheel of the aircraft.