Oxygen transport membrane reactor based method and system for generating electric power

• US 9,562,472 B2
• Filed: 02/11/2015
• Issued: 02/07/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Kelly, Sean M., Chakravarti, Shrikar, Li, Juan
• Primary Examiner(s): Greene, Jason M
• Application Number:
  US14/619,260
• Publication Number:
  US 20150226118A1
• Time in Patent Office: 727 Days
• Field of Search: 95/54
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/228 characterised by specific membranes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 13/0251 by making use of membranes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0244 the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0283 containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0415 Purification by absorption in liquids
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/06 Integration with other chemical processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1241 Natural gas or methane
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/127 Catalytic desulfurisation
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/84 Energy production
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/86 Carbon dioxide sequestration
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/382 Multi-step processes
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/48 followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/093 Coal
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0959 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/0976 as steam
• CPC Class Codes: C10J 2300/1678 with air separation separating gases using rectification of air F25J3/04521
• CPC Class Codes: F01D 15/10 Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 13/00 General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 23/068 in combination with an oxygen producing plant, e.g. an air separation plant
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/22 the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure F02C3/28 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 3/28 : using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
• CPC Class Codes: F02C 7/22 : Fuel supply systems
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1823 : structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/16 : Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/18 : Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 : Direct CO2 mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/34 : Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/129 : Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/00 : Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry

Abstract

A carbon capture enabled system and method for generating electric power and/or fuel from methane containing sources using oxygen transport membranes by first converting the methane containing feed gas into a high pressure synthesis gas. Then, in one configuration the synthesis gas is combusted in oxy-combustion mode in oxygen transport membranes based boiler reactor operating at a pressure at least twice that of ambient pressure and the heat generated heats steam in thermally coupled steam generation tubes within the boiler reactor; the steam is expanded in steam turbine to generate power; and the carbon dioxide rich effluent leaving the boiler reactor is processed to isolate carbon. In another configuration the synthesis gas is further treated in a gas conditioning system configured for carbon capture in a pre-combustion mode using water gas shift reactors and acid gas removal units to produce hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel gas that fuels an integrated gas turbine and steam turbine system to generate power. The disclosed method and system can also be adapted to integrate with coal gasification systems to produce power from both coal and methane containing sources with greater than 90% carbon isolation.

Claims

1. An oxygen transport membrane based power generation system comprising:

an oxygen transport membrane based combined reforming subsystem configured to produce a hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream from a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and steam; and

an oxygen transport membrane based power cycle subsystem comprising an oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor configured to produce steam, electric power, and a carbon dioxide containing effluent by combusting the hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream at a pressure at least two times that of ambient pressure in the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor, wherein said system additionally comprises;

a first expansion stage for the generation of electric power, wherein said first expansion stage is configured to expand the hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream to an intermediate pressure prior to introducing said intermediate pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas into the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor to combust said intermediate pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to generate or heat steam from a boiler feed stream passing through thermally coupled adjacent steam tubes within the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor, and

a second expansion stage for the generation of electric power, wherein said second expansion stage comprises a gas turbo expander configured to expand the carbon dioxide containing effluent exiting the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor.

2. The oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 1 wherein said boiler reactor is configured to combust the high pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by reaction with oxygen permeating across the oxygen transport membrane elements within the oxygen transport membrane boiler reactor to form an effluent having a heating value less than 100 Btu/scf.

3. The oxygen transport membrane power generation system of claim 1 wherein said boiler reactor is configured to combust the high pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas by reactions with oxygen permeating across the oxygen transport membrane elements within the oxygen transport membrane boiler reactor to form an effluent containing less than about 10% hydrogen.

4. The oxygen transport membrane power generation system of claim 1 further comprising a coal gasification subsystem configured to produce a coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream from a source of coal, steam and oxygen produced from cryogenic distillation of air.

5. The oxygen transport membrane power generation system of claim 4 configured to heat the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream in the oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem prior to introduction in the oxygen transport membrane boiler reactor, or first heat and chemically react methane and other hydrocarbons present in the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas in the oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem prior to introduction in the oxygen transport membrane boiler reactor.

6. The oxygen transport membrane power generation system of claim 1 or claim 4 configured to provide a synthesis gas feed stream to a catalytic liquid fuel or chemical production subsystem wherein the synthesis gas feed stream is derived from coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream produced in a coal gasification subsystem or hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream produced in an oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem, or combinations thereof.

7. A hybrid oxygen transport membrane based power generation system comprising:

a coal gasification subsystem configured to produce a coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream from a source of coal, steam and oxygen produced from cryogenic distillation of air;

an oxygen transport membrane based reforming subsystem configured to produce a reformed hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream from a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and steam;

an oxygen transport membrane based power cycle subsystem comprising an oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor configured to produce steam, electric power, and a carbon dioxide containing effluent by combusting a first synthesis gas feed stream at a pressure at least two times that of ambient pressure in the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor, wherein said system additionally comprises;

a first expansion stage for the generation of electric power, wherein said first expansion stage is configured to expand the hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream to an intermediate pressure prior to introducing said intermediate pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas into the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor to combust said intermediate pressure, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas to generate or heat steam from a boiler feed stream passing through thermally coupled adjacent steam tubes within the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor, and

a second expansion stage for the generation of electric power, wherein said second expansion stage comprises a gas turbo expander configured to expand the carbon dioxide containing effluent exiting the oxygen transport membrane based boiler reactor;

wherein said first synthesis gas feed stream comprises the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream, or the reformed hydrogen-rich high pressure synthesis gas stream or a combination of both the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream and the reformed hydrogen-rich high pressure synthesis gas stream.

8. The hybrid system of claim 7 configured to provide a second synthesis gas feed stream to produce a fuel product or liquid product or hydrogen wherein the second synthesis gas stream comprises a portion of the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream, or a portion of the reformed hydrogen-rich, high pressure synthesis gas stream or a combinations of both the coal-derived, high pressure synthesis gas stream and the reformed hydrogen-rich high pressure synthesis gas stream.

9. A carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system comprising:

an oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem configured to treat a methane containing feed stream to form a hydrogen-rich effluent stream wherein the oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem further comprises

an oxygen transport membrane reforming reactor configured to react the methane containing feed stream with oxygen provided across the membrane from an oxygen containing feed stream and steam to form the hydrogen-rich effluent stream;

a gas conditioning subsystem configured to treat the hydrogen-rich effluent stream to produce a hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich fuel gas and a carbon dioxide rich effluent stream; and

an integrated power generation subsystem comprising an air-blown gas turbine configured to be fueled by the hydrogen-rich fuel gas to generate electricity and a gas turbine exhaust stream at elevated temperature;

a heat recovery steam generator configured to raise steam by recovering heat from the gas turbine exhaust stream; and

a steam turbine configured to generate electricity utilizing steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator.

10. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9, wherein said oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem is configured to convert greater than about 90% of the methane in the feed stream to reaction products comprising hydrogen, carbon-monoxide, carbon-dioxide, and steam.

11. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 wherein the oxygen transport membrane synthesis gas subsystem is configured to convert greater than 95% of methane in the methane containing feed stream to the reaction products comprising hydrogen, carbon-monoxide, carbon-dioxide, and steam.

12. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 wherein said oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem comprises an oxygen transport membrane based reactor comprising (i) a plurality of tubular ceramic oxygen transport membranes configured to transport oxygen ions from an oxygen containing stream present at the outside surface of the tubular ceramic oxygen transport membranes to the interior surface or permeate side of the tubular ceramic oxygen transport membranes;

and (ii) a plurality of catalyst containing reformer tubes disposed adjacent or juxtaposed relationship with the ceramic oxygen transport membrane tubes and configured to produce synthesis gas from the methane containing feed stream in the presence of a reforming catalyst and heat produced from the tubular ceramic oxygen transport membranes, wherein at least one of said tubular oxygen transport membranes is configured to further reform any hydrocarbon gas in the reformed synthesis gas stream and produce a synthesis gas product stream.

13. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 12 wherein said at least one tubular oxygen transport membrane configured to further reform any hydrocarbon gas in the reformed synthesis gas stream contains one or more reforming catalysts.

14. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 further comprising a coal gasification subsystem configured to produce a coal-derived synthesis gas stream from a source of coal, steam and a first oxygen stream, wherein the first oxygen stream is provided from a source that separates oxygen from air at cryogenic temperature, and wherein the coal-derived synthesis gas stream input into the oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem contains at least 5.0 volume % hydrocarbons and the hydrogen-rich effluent stream contains less than about 2.0 volume % hydrocarbons.

15. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 wherein a nitrogen rich stream is introduced to the hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel gas exiting the gas conditioning subsystem as a diluent, prior to introducing said fuel gas to the gas turbine.

16. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 wherein said oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem comprises at least one duct burner, wherein a portion of the hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuel gas exiting the gas conditioning subsystem is fed to said at least one duct burner for combustion to produce supplemental heat in order to preheat the oxygen containing feed stream.

17. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 14 wherein said oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem is configured to convert greater than about 90% of the methane in the coal-derived synthesis gas to reaction products comprising hydrogen, carbon-monoxide, carbon-dioxide, and steam.

18. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of any one of claim 10, 11 or 17 wherein said oxygen transport membrane based synthesis gas subsystem is configured to enable greater than about 90% of the carbon in said feed stream to be captured in a gas conditioning system.

19. The carbon capture enabled oxygen transport membrane based power generation system of claim 9 wherein said carbon dioxide rich effluent stream is directed to a carbon dioxide purification subsystem configured to purify said carbon dioxide rich effluent stream and produce a purified carbon dioxide rich stream suitable for storage, sequestration, processing and/or direct use.