Optimized client side rate control and indexed file layout for streaming media

• US 9,571,550 B2
• Filed: 01/07/2013
• Issued: 02/14/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/12/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Inventors: Mehrotra, Sanjeev, Kotteri, Kishore, Siravara, Bharath, Holcomb, Thomas W., Gao, Hui, Smirnov, Serge
• Primary Examiner(s): Eskandarnia, Arvin
• Assistant Examiner(s): Desai, Margishi
• Application Number:
  US13/735,945
• Publication Number:
  US 20130124697A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,499 Days
• Field of Search: 375/240, 709/231, 380/200
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/65 Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/70 Media network packetisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/00 Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD] real-time bi-directional transmission of motion video data H04N7/14 ; broadcast or conference over packet switching networks H04L12/18

Abstract

An indexed file layout, comprising index information, is defined for segmented streaming of multimedia content. The index information can comprise program description information and streaming segment index information. In addition, the layout can comprise files containing streaming segments of the program, where the streaming segments are each encoded at one or more bitrates independently of other streaming segments of the program. The layout supports client switching between different bitrates at segment boundaries. Optimized client-side rate control of streaming content can be provided by defining a plurality of states, selecting available paths based on constraint conditions, and selecting a best path through the states (e.g., based on a distortion measure). In one client-side rate control solution states correspond to a specific bitrate of a specific streaming segment, and in another client-side rate control solution states correspond to a measure of client buffer fullness.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing client-side rate control of streaming content, the method comprising:

receiving, by the client from a server, index information for a program of encoded audio and/or video content;

for each of a plurality of states representing bitrate encodings of streaming segments of the program, performing, entirely by a client, client-side rate control operations comprising;

selecting one or more available paths that end in the state, where the one or more available paths are those paths ending in the state that satisfy a constraint condition;

selecting a best path to the state from the one or more available paths, wherein the best path has the lowest distortion amongst the one or more available paths; and

eliminating, as available paths, all of the one or more available paths other than the best path; and

downloading, by the client from the server, one or more streaming segments encoded at bitrates corresponding to the best path to an ending state through the plurality of states, wherein each of the plurality of states corresponds to a specific bitrate encoding of a specific streaming segment;

wherein the index information is used by the client to identify the plurality of states, select the one or more available paths, and select the best path.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the constraint condition is satisfied when a sum of time it takes to download all streaming segments up to a current position is less than or equal to initial startup delay plus cumulative playback time up to the current position.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the constraint condition is defined by the following equation:

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

displaying, by the client, the decoded streaming segments corresponding to the best path.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the index information for the program comprises:

streaming segment index information describing each streaming segment of the program, wherein the streaming segment index information comprises, for each streaming segment;

a start position of the streaming segment; and

an indication of bitrates for each available streaming segment encoding of the streaming segment, wherein a plurality of different bitrates are available for at least one streaming segment.

6. A method for optimizing client-side rate control of streaming content, the method comprising:

receiving, by the client from a server, index information for a program of encoded audio and/or video content;

for each of a plurality of states representing bitrate encodings of streaming segments of the program, performing, entirely by a client, client-side rate control operations comprising;

selecting one or more available paths that end in the state, where the one or more available paths are those paths ending in the state that satisfy a constraint condition; and

retaining the one or more available paths as possible paths to be included in a best end-to-end path;

performing an end-to-end analysis of the possible paths to determine the best end-to-end path, wherein the best end-to-end path has the lowest overall distortion; and

downloading, by the client from the server, one or more streaming segments encoded at bitrates corresponding to the best end-to-end path through the plurality of states, wherein each of the plurality of states corresponds to a measure of client buffer fullness for a specific bitrate encoding of a specific streaming segment;

wherein the index information is used by the client to identify the plurality of states and select the one or more available paths.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the constraint condition is satisfied when a sum of time it takes to download all streaming segments up to a current position is less than or equal to initial startup delay plus cumulative playback time up to the current position.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the constraint condition is defined by the following equation:

9. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

displaying, by the client, the decoded streaming segments corresponding to the best end-to-end path.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein the plurality of states are organized into a trellis.

11. A computing device comprising:

a processing unit;

a communication connection; and

at least one of memory and storage media storing instructions for causing the computing device to perform operations for optimizing client-side rate control of streaming content, the operations comprising;

receiving, by the computing device via the communication connection, index information for a program of encoded audio and/or video content;

for each of a plurality of states representing bitrate encodings of streaming segments of the program, performing, entirely by the computing device, client-side rate control operations comprising;

selecting one or more available paths that end in the state, where the one or more available paths are those paths ending in the state that satisfy a constraint condition;

selecting a best path to the state from the one or more available paths, wherein the best path has the lowest distortion amongst the one or more available paths; and

eliminating, as available paths, all of the one or more available paths other than the best path; and

downloading, by the computing device via the communication connection, one or more streaming segments encoded at bitrates corresponding to the best path to an ending state through the plurality of states, wherein each of the plurality of states corresponds to a specific bitrate encoding of a specific streaming segment;

wherein the index information is used by the computing device to identify the plurality of states, select the one or more available paths, and select the best path.

12. The computing device of claim 11 wherein the constraint condition is satisfied when a sum of time it takes to download all streaming segments up to a current position is less than or equal to initial startup delay plus cumulative playback time up to the current position.

13. The computing device of claim 11 wherein the constraint condition is defined by the following equation:

14. The computing device of claim 11, the operations further comprising:

displaying, by the computing device via a display of the computing device, the decoded streaming segments corresponding to the best path.