Multifunctional static or semi-static photovoltaic skylight and/or methods of making the same

• US 9,574,352 B2
• Filed: 09/24/2013
• Issued: 02/21/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/2010
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Guardian Glass LLC (KOCH Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Guardian Industries Corporation (KOCH Industries Incorporated)
• Inventors: Den Boer, Willem, Weng, Jian-gang, Akkashian, Eric Walter, Veerasamy, Vijayen S., Thomsen, Scott V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Epps, Georgia Y
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wyatt, Kevin
• Application Number:
  US14/035,524
• Publication Number:
  US 20140090687A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,246 Days
• Field of Search: 136/246, 438/69
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 13/08 Rolling patterned sheets , e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
• CPC Class Codes: E04D 13/03 Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights E04D13/14 takes precedence; structures therefor, e.g. dormer windows E04B7/18; saw-tooth roofs with light-transmission E04B7/12
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/31 having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/005 arranged along a single direction only, e.g. lenticular sheets G02B3/0043 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0056 arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses G02B3/0043 takes precedence; miniaturised objectives for electronic devices employing wafer level optics G02B13/0085
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0062 Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0521 using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0543 comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0547 comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 20/26 Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements H02S20/25 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/10 Photovoltaic [PV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/52 PV systems with concentrators

Abstract

Improved building-integrated photovoltaic systems according to certain example embodiments may include concentrated photovoltaic skylights or other windows having a cylindrical lens array. The skylight may include an insulated glass unit, which may improve the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). The photovoltaic skylight and lens arrays may be used in combination with strip solar cells. Arrangements that involve lateral displacement tracking systems, or static systems (e.g., that are fixed at one, two, or more predefined positions) are contemplated herein. Such techniques may advantageously help to reduce cost per watt related, in part, to the potentially reduced amount of semiconductor material to be used for such example embodiments. A photovoltaic skylight may permit diffuse daylight to pass through into an interior of a building so as to provide lighting inside the building, while the strip solar cells absorb the direct sunlight and convert it to electricity, providing for SHGC tuning.

Claims

1. A skylight, comprising:

first, second, and third substrates that are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the second substrate is located between the first and third substrates;

a plurality of solar cells supported by the second substrate;

wherein the first substrate comprises a lens array comprising a plurality of lenses, said lenses configured to concentrate light on the solar cells, the lens array being spaced apart from the second substrate supporting the solar cells such that a first gap is defined between the lens array and the second substrate and such that the first and second substrates remain a fixed distance apart; and

wherein the first gap is between the first and second substrates, and a second gap is between the second and third substrates, wherein at least one of the gaps is filled with an inert gas.

2. The skylight of claim 1, wherein the lens array and the second substrate supporting the solar cells are positioned relative to one another such that incident angles of direct solar illumination vary in a manner that focuses all or substantially all direct solar illumination on the solar cells in a selected time period.

3. The skylight of claim 2, wherein the selected time period is in the middle the day.

4. The skylight of claim 1, wherein the lens array and the second substrate supporting the solar cells are positioned relative to one another such that incident angles of direct solar illumination vary over a given angle during different seasons so that all or substantially all direct solar illumination is focused on the solar cells in a selected time period.

5. The skylight of claim 4, wherein the given angle remains substantially constant during any given day relative to the plane created by the axis of a cylindrical lens and the edge of the corresponding solar cell strip.

6. The skylight of claim 1, wherein the solar cells are moved backwards so that they are close to focal points of respective lenses.

7. A skylight, comprising:

first, second, and third substrates that are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the second substrate is located between the first and third substrates;

a plurality of solar cells supported by the second substrate; and

wherein the first substrate comprises a lens array comprising a plurality of lenses for concentrating light on the solar cells, the lens array being spaced apart from the second substrate supporting the solar cells such that a first gap is defined between the lens array and the second substrate,

wherein the lens array and the solar cells are movable relative to one another as between at least first and second predefined positions,

wherein the first gap is between the first and second substrates, and a second gap is between the second and third substrates, wherein at least one of the gaps is filled with an inert gas.

8. The skylight of claim 7, wherein each said position is defined so as to correspond to at least one corresponding season.

9. The skylight of claim 7, wherein four predefined positions are provided, respective ones of the predefined positions corresponding to different seasons in the year.

10. The skylight of claim 7, wherein 12 predefined positions are provided, respective ones of the predefined positions corresponding to different months of the year.

11. The skylight of claim 7, wherein each said position has its own unique selected general light blocking and electricity generating characteristics.

12. The skylight of claim 7, being substantially horizontally and/or vertically disposable on a roof.

13. The skylight of claim 7, being orientable at a tilt selected in dependence on a latitude where the skylight is to be installed.

14. The skylight of claim 7, further comprising means for manually moving the lens array and the solar cells relative to one another between the different predefined positions.

15. The skylight of claim 7, further comprising a programmable controller and a motor, the programmable controller being configured to cause the motor to move the lens array and the solar cells relative to one another between the different predefined positions.

16. The skylight of claim 15, wherein the programmable controller is configured to cause the motor to move the lens array and the solar cells relative to one another between the different predefined positions based on a date and/or a temperature reading.

17. A method of making a building integrated photovoltaic device, the method comprising:

providing first, second, and third substrates that are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the second substrate is located between the first and third substrates, the second substrate supporting a plurality of generally elongate solar cells;

the first substrate comprising a lens array comprising a plurality of lenses; and

wherein a first gap is between the first and second substrates, and a second gap is between the second and third substrates, wherein at least one of the gaps is filled with an inert gas.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the lens array and the second substrate supporting the solar cells are positioned relative to one another such that incident angles of direct solar illumination vary over a given angle during different lengths of time so that all or substantially all direct solar illumination is focused on the solar cells in a selected time period.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the selected time period is in the middle the day.

20. A method of making a skylight, the method comprising:

building a building integrated photovoltaic device made in accordance with the method of claim 17 into a skylight.