Method and system for controlled shutdown of wind turbines

• US 9,574,548 B2
• Filed: 12/07/2012
• Issued: 02/21/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Original Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Inventors: Doan, Duy Duc
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, VIET P
• Application Number:
  US14/362,027
• Publication Number:
  US 20140339829A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,537 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0244 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0264 for stopping; controlling in emergency situations orientating out of wind F03D7/0208
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0272 by measures acting on the electrical generator
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0296 to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/11 storing electrical energy
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 3/18 for stopping or slowing an ac motor
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/08 Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for controlled shutdown of wind turbines. The method involves using a generator side converter, and optionally a DC chopper, as a generator load during controlled shutdown. In this way gearbox back-lashing and drive train oscillations can be avoided. The present invention also relates to a wind turbine capable of performing controlled shutdown in accordance with the before-mentioned method.

Claims

1. A method for shutting down a wind turbine, the wind turbine comprising:

a power generator connected to a set of rotatable rotor blades via a drive train,

a power converter comprising a generator side converter and a grid side converter separated by an intermediate DC circuit, and

at least one of power dissipation and power storage means operatively connected to the intermediate DC circuit,

wherein the method comprises;

operating the wind turbine according to a first operating mode, wherein the first operating mode comprises a power control loop having feedback parameters indicating an amount of active power and an amount of reactive power supplied to an associated grid, and

in response to a request to shut down the wind turbine, performing a controlled shutdown of the wind turbine in a second operating mode, wherein the controlled shutdown comprises controlling an output of the generator side converter using a power reference derived from a predefined generator torque-speed curve so that torque of the drive train has a constant direction, wherein the generator is connected to the associated grid during the controlled shutdown of the wind turbine and wherein the predefined generator torque-speed curve is not used during the first operating mode and the power control loop is not used during the second operating mode.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of dissipating or storing a controlled amount of excess power in the power dissipation or power storage means in a manner so that the drive train torque has a constant direction during the controlled shutdown of the wind turbine.

3. A method according to claim 1, the generator side converter is applied as a generator load when the drive train torque is below a predetermined limit.

4. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of setting the grid side converter in an inactive mode of operation.

5. A method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of disconnecting the wind turbine from the associated grid.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein disconnecting the wind turbine from the associated grid comprises a shutdown of the generator side converter and a shutdown of the grid side converter.

7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the generator is disconnected from the associated grid upon the rotor speed reaching zero.

8. A wind turbine that comprises:

a power generator connected to a set of rotatable rotor blades via a drive train;

a power converter comprising a generator side converter and a grid side converter separated by an intermediate DC circuit;

at least one power dissipation and power storage means operatively connected to the intermediate DC circuit; and

a controller configured to;

operate the wind turbine according to a first operating mode, wherein the first operating mode comprises a power control loop having feedback parameters indicating an amount of active power and an amount of reactive power supplied to an associated grid, and

in response to a request to shut down the wind turbine, perform a controlled shutdown of the wind turbine in a second operating mode, wherein during the controlled shutdown an output of the generator side converter is controlled using a power reference derived from a predefined generator torque-speed curve so that torque of the drive train has a constant direction, wherein the generator is connected to the associated grid during the controlled shutdown of the wind turbine and wherein the predefined generator torque-speed curve is not used during the first operating mode and the power control loop is not used during the second operating mode.

9. A wind turbine according to claim 8, wherein the power dissipation or power storage means is adapted to receive a controlled amount of excess power so that the drive train torque has a constant direction during the controlled shutdown of the wind turbine.

10. A wind turbine according to claim 8, wherein the power dissipation or power storage means comprises a resistor, a capacitor or a battery.

11. A wind turbine according to claim 8, wherein the drive train comprises a gearbox.

12. A wind turbine according to claim 8, wherein the generator side converter is shut down and the grid side converter is shut down to disconnect the wind turbine from the associated grid.

13. A method according to claim 8, wherein the generator is disconnected from the associated grid upon the rotor speed reaching zero.

14. A wind turbine that comprises:

a power generator connected to a set of rotatable rotor blades via a drive train;

a power converter comprising a generator side converter and a grid side converter separated by an intermediate DC circuit;

at least one of power dissipation and power storage means operatively connected to the intermediate DC circuit; and

a controller configured to;

operate the wind turbine according to a first operating mode, wherein the first operating mode comprises a power control loop having feedback parameters indicating an amount of active power and an amount of reactive power supplied to an associated grid, and

in response to a request to shut down the wind turbine, perform a controlled shutdown of the wind turbine in a second operating mode, wherein the controlled shutdown comprises controlling an output of the generator side converter using a power reference derived from a predefined generator torque-speed curve so that torque of the drive train has a constant direction, wherein the predefined generator torque-speed curve is not used during the first operating mode and the power control loop is not used during the second operating mode.

15. A wind turbine according to claim 14, the controller further configured to:

dissipate or store a controlled amount of excess power in the power dissipation or power storage means in a manner so that the drive train torque has a constant direction during the controlled shutdown of the wind turbine.

16. A wind turbine according to claim 14, wherein the generator side converter is applied as a generator load when the drive train torque is below a predetermined limit.

17. A wind turbine according to claim 14, the controller further configured to:

set the grid side converter to an inactive mode of operation.

18. A wind turbine according to claim 17, the controller further configured to:

disconnect the wind turbine from the associated grid.

19. A wind turbine according to claim 18, wherein disconnecting the wind turbine from the associated grid comprises a shutdown of the generator side converter and a shutdown of the grid side converter.

20. A wind turbine according to claim 18, wherein the generator is disconnected from the associated grid upon the rotor speed reaching zero.