Power boiler having vertically mounted cylindrical combustion chamber

• US 9,581,326 B2
• Filed: 08/13/2015
• Issued: 02/28/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 08/15/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sullivan Holdings and Brion PPE LLC
• Original Assignee: Daniel R. Higgins, Eugene Sullivan
• Inventors: Higgins, Daniel R., Sullivan, Eugene
• Primary Examiner(s): Wilson, Gregory A
• Application Number:
  US14/826,194
• Publication Number:
  US 20160195260A1
• Time in Patent Office: 565 Days
• Field of Search: 122/4.D, 122/211, 122/220, 122/221, 122/412, 122/414, 110/110, 110/111, 110/118, 110/224, 110/228, 110/229
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 21/341 Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 21/36 involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 31/0007 with combustion in a fluidized bed fluidized bed apparatus per se B01J8/00; fluidized bed combustors F23C10/00
• CPC Class Codes: F22B 31/003 with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2205/20 using airblast or pneumatic feeding
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2206/10 reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2206/203 with a power/heat generating installation
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2209/12 Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 2209/261 Woodwaste
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/04 drying
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/24 having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/30 having a fluidised bed
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/32 the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/444 for solid waste F23G5/448 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F23G 5/46 Recuperation of heat
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/025 using filters
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/027 using cyclone separators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/12 Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Abstract

A ground supported power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated conical floor; an insulated cylindrical combustion chamber; a cylindrical furnace with water tube wall; a rectangular convective section; a single vertical steam drum; tangential injection of the fuel and combustion air; means for fluidizing the fuel bed; means for selectively stripping particulates from the flue gases; multi-stage particulate stripping and filtering from flue gases, means for using the walls of steam drum as steam/water droplet separator, means for recirculating and capturing heat from the flue gases; means for pressurizing the interior of the boiler above atmospheric pressure; means for heating and drying fuel prior to feeding the fuel to the boiler; means for creating hydrogen shift reaction; means for eliminating any need for sootblowing; and designed to not require the use of an induced draft fan.

Claims

1. A boiler with a cylindrical furnace section having a vertical axis in which combusting fuel and gases are rotated to centrifugally move entrained particulates and denser gases to a perimeter of a combustion chamber and incorporating at least one extraction duct for removing at least a portion of said particulates, said extraction duct intersecting said combustion chamber tangentially and at a location in an upper half of said combustion chamber, with less than 100% of the total gas moving through said cylindrical furnace section exiting out the top of said cylindrical furnace section and the balance of said gas flow exiting through at least one of said extraction ducts, in which at least some of said gas exiting out the top of said cylindrical furnace is used to heat and/or at least partially dry at least some of the incoming fuel.

2. The boiler of claim 1 in which solid fuel particles are entrained in said rotating gases and the average residence time of said solid fuel particles inside said cylindrical furnace is greater than the average residence time of said total gas moving through said cylindrical furnace.

3. The boiler of claim 1 in which at least one bundle of heat transfer tubes are located above said cylindrical furnace section in which said gases exiting through the top of said cylindrical furnace flow vertically across said bundle of heat transfer tubes, said bundle of heat transfer tubes comprising a screen section, a superheater section, a generating bank section, or an economizer section, or any combination thereof.

4. The boiler of claim 3 in which an internal gas pressure inside said cylindrical furnace is higher than an external ambient atmospheric pressure.

5. The boiler of claim 1 in which an air cooled and refractory lined combustion chamber is located contiguously below said cylindrical furnace, said combustion chamber being circular in plan form, in which solid fuel particles are injected tangentially into said combustion chamber and at least partially burned therein.

6. The boiler of claim 5 in which said solid fuel particles at least partially fill said combustion chamber forming a fuel bed and in which said fuel bed is fluidized in a manner that causes it to rotate around a vertical axis in said combustion chamber.

7. The boiler of claim 5 in which the floor of said combustion chamber is an air cooled and refractory lined truncated cone with the truncation being at the bottom and in which a movable grate is located at said truncation to facilitate periodic removal of ash and contaminants.

8. The boiler of claim 5 in which said extracted gas flows through a tubular air heater, a water or steam filled heat exchanging tube bundle, a cyclone particulate separator, a fan, a fuel injection tee, or any combination or order thereof, said gas being returned to said combustion chamber.

9. The boiler of claim 1 in which said extraction duct is refractory lined and air cooled.

10. The boiler of claim 1 in which said extracted gas flow is used to inject fuel into said combustion chamber.

11. The boiler of claim 1 in which at least some of said extracted gas is used to heat and/or at least partially dry at least some of the incoming fuel.

12. The boiler of claim 1 in which at least some of the required combustion air is injected into said cylindrical furnace in a manner to induce rotation of the gases therein around a vertical axis.

13. The boiler of claim 12 in which said combustion air is injected at least at one elevation with two nozzles at each of said elevations, with a flow from each of said two nozzles 180 degrees apart and equally offset from the centerline of said cylindrical furnace.

14. The boiler of claim 13 in which a lateral offset of said nozzles at any given elevation may differ from said lateral offset at any other given elevation.

15. The boiler of claim 14 in which said combustion air is at least partially replaced with a recirculated boiler flue gas.

16. The boiler of claim 13 in which said combustion air is at least partially replaced with a recirculated boiler flue gas.

17. The boiler of claim 12 in which said combustion air is at least partially replaced with a recirculated boiler flue gas.

18. The boiler of claim 1 in which said exiting gas makes direct contact with the incoming fuel to at least partially dry the fuel.

19. The boiler of claim 18 in which fuel particles entrained in a gas exiting said fuel dryer passes through at least one cyclone separator after which captured fuel is sent to said boiler.

20. The boiler of claim 18 in which heavy fuel solids not entrained in said gas exiting said fuel dryer pass out the bottom of said fuel dryer and are sent to said boiler.

21. The boiler of claim 1 in which said fuel dryer is a fluidized bed fuel dryer and said exiting gas fluidizes a fuel bed therein.

22. A boiler with a cylindrical furnace section having a vertical axis in which the combustion fuel and gases rotated to centrifugally move entrained particulates and denser gases to a perimeter of a combustion chamber and incorporating at least one extraction duct for removing at least a portion of said particulates, said extraction duct intersecting said combustion chamber tangentially and at a location in an upper half of said combustion chamber, with less than 100% of the total gas moving through said cylindrical furnace section exiting out the top of said cylindrical furnace section and the balance of said gas flow exiting through at least one of said extraction ducts, incorporating a single steam drum with its axis oriented vertically, in which feeding and relieving pipes connected to said steam drum are arranged such that steam and water flows to and from said steam drum induce a rotation of the steam and water therein around the vertical axis of said steam drum.

23. The boiler of claim 22 in which said steam drum is principally supported by a single downcomer.

24. The boiler of claim 22 in which a steam separating apparatus located within said steam drum can be removed as a single unit.

25. A boiler with a cylindrical furnace section having a vertical axis in which the combustion fuel and gases rotated to centrifugally move entrained particulates and denser gases to a perimeter of a combustion chamber and incorporating at least one extraction duct for removing at least a portion of said particulates, said extraction duct intersecting said combustion chamber tangentially and at a location in an upper half of said combustion chamber, with less than 100% of the total gas moving through said cylindrical furnace section exiting out the top of said cylindrical furnace section and the balance of said gas flow exiting through at least one of said extraction ducts;

in which at least one bundle of heat transfer tubes are located above said cylindrical furnace section in which said gases exiting through the top of said cylindrical furnace flow vertically across said bundle of heat transfer tubes, said bundle of heat transfer tubes comprising a screen section, a superheater section, a generating bank section, or a economizer section, or any combination thereof, in which said exiting gas flows through a fuel dryer, one or more cyclone separator, a bag house filter, an electronic precipitator, or any individual component or combination thereof, and then to a stack, in which said gas flow through all components in a gas flow stream is created by an elevated internal gas pressure in said cylindrical furnace, and;

in which said elevated internal gas pressure inside said cylindrical furnace is created by one forced draft fan.

26. The boiler of claim 25 in which said elevated internal gas pressure inside said cylindrical furnace is created by one forced draft fan and at least one fuel injection fan.

27. The boiler of claim 3 or claim 25 in which at least one bundle of heat transfer tubes are located contiguously above said cylindrical furnace section in which said gases exiting through the top of said cylindrical furnace flow vertically across said bundle of heat transfer tubes.