Method and apparatus for encoding and decoding audio signals

• US 9,583,117 B2
• Filed: 10/08/2007
• Issued: 02/28/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Krishnan, Venkatesh, Rajendran, Vivek, Kandhadai, Ananthapadmanabhan A.
• Primary Examiner(s): ADESANYA, OLUJIMI A
• Application Number:
  US11/915,834
• Publication Number:
  US 20090187409A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,431 Days
• Field of Search: 704/210, 704/211, 704/216, 704/219, 704/222
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/20 using sound class specific coding, hybrid encoders or object based coding
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/22 Mode decision, i.e. based on audio signal content versus external parameters

Abstract

Techniques for efficiently encoding an input signal are described. In one design, a generalized encoder encodes the input signal (e.g., an audio signal) based on at least one detector and multiple encoders. The at least one detector may include a signal activity detector, a noise-like signal detector, a sparseness detector, some other detector, or a combination thereof. The multiple encoders may include a silence encoder, a noise-like signal encoder, a time-domain encoder, a transform-domain encoder, some other encoder, or a combination thereof. The characteristics of the input signal may be determined based on the at least one detector. An encoder may be selected from among the multiple encoders based on the characteristics of the input signal. The input signal may be encoded based on the selected encoder. The input signal may include a sequence of frames, and detection and encoding may be performed for each frame.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

at least one processor configured

to determine sparseness of an input signal in at least a time domain and a transform domain based on a plurality of parameters of the input signal,

to compare the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain,

to determine at least one count based on prior selections of a time-domain encoder and prior selections of a transform-domain encoder,

to select an encoder from at least the time-domain encoder and the transform-domain encoder based on the comparison and the at least one count, and

to encode the input signal based on the selected encoder; and

a memory coupled to the at least one processor.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input signal is an audio signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a silence encoder, wherein the at least one processor is configured to detect for activity in the input signal and to select the silence encoder if activity is not detected in the input signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a noise-like signal encoder, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine whether the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics and to select the noise-like signal encoder if the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the time-domain encoder comprises a Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) encoder and the transform-domain encoder comprises a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) encoder.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a sequence of frames, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine characteristics of each frame in the sequence, to select an encoder for each frame based on the determined characteristics of the frame, and to encode each frame based on the encoder selected for the frame.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to select a particular encoder for a particular frame if the particular frame and a predetermined number of preceding frames indicate a switch to the particular encoder.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to select the time-domain encoder to encode the input signal in the time domain if the input signal is determined to be more sparse in the time domain than in the transform domain, and to select the transform-domain encoder to encode the input signal in the transform domain if the input signal is determined to be more sparse in the transform domain than in the time domain.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine a first parameter indicative of sparseness of the input signal in the time domain, to determine a second parameter indicative of sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain, to select the time-domain encoder if the first and second parameters indicate the input signal being more sparse in the time domain than in the transform domain, and to select the transform-domain encoder if the first and second parameters indicate the input signal being more sparse in the transform domain than in the time domain.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein comparing the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain comprises:

transforming a first signal in a time domain to obtain a second signal in a transform domain, determining a first parameter and a second parameter based on the first and second signals, and determining whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse based on the first and second parameters.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transform the first signal based on a Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) to obtain the second signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to perform Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) on the input signal to obtain residuals in the first signal, to transform the residuals in the first signal to obtain coefficients in the second signal, to determine energy values for the residuals in the first signal, and to determine energy values for the coefficients in the second signal, and to determine the first and the second parameters based on the energy values for the residuals and the energy values for the coefficients.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine that the first signal is more sparse based on the first parameter being smaller than the second parameter by a first threshold and to determine that the second signal is more sparse based on the second parameter being smaller than the first parameter by a second threshold.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine a third parameter indicative of cumulative energy of the first signal, to determine a fourth parameter indicative of cumulative energy of the second signal, and to determine whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse further based on the third and fourth parameters.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine a first cumulative energy function for the first signal, to determine a second cumulative energy function for the second signal, to determine the first parameter based on number of times the first cumulative energy function meets or exceeds the second cumulative energy function, and to determine the second parameter based on number of times the second cumulative energy function meets or exceeds the first cumulative energy function.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine that the first signal is more sparse based on the first parameter being greater than the second parameter, and to determine that the second signal is more sparse based on the second parameter being greater than the first parameter.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine a third parameter based on instances in which the first cumulative energy function exceeds the second cumulative energy function, to determine a fourth parameter based on instances in which the second cumulative energy function exceeds the first cumulative energy function, and to determine whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse further based on the third and fourth parameters.

18. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine at least a second count based on prior determinations of the first signal being more sparse and prior determinations of the second signal being more sparse, and to determine whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse further based on the at least second count.

19. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to increment a second count and decrement a third count for each determination of the first signal being more sparse, to decrement the second count and increment the third count for each declaration of the second signal being more sparse, and to determine whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse based further on the second and third counts.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein information with respect to the selected encoder is sent to a receiver in response to a change of which encoder is used to generate a coded signal.

21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first threshold is different from the second threshold.

22. A method comprising:

determining sparseness of an input signal in at least a time domain and a transform domain based on a plurality of parameters of the input signal;

comparing the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain;

determining at least one count based on prior selections of a time-domain encoder and prior selections of a transform-domain encoder;

selecting an encoder from at least the time-domain encoder and the transform-domain encoder based on the comparison and the at least one count; and

encoding the input signal based on the selected encoder.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising detecting for activity in the input signal, and wherein selecting the encoder further comprises selecting a silence encoder if activity is not detected in the input signal.

24. The method of claim 22, further comprising determining whether the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics, and wherein selecting the encoder further comprises selecting a noise-like signal encoder if the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein determining the sparseness of the input signal comprises determining a first parameter indicative of sparseness of the input signal in the time domain and determining a second parameter indicative of sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain, and wherein selecting the encoder further comprises selecting the time-domain encoder if the first and second parameters indicate the input signal being more sparse in the time domain than in the transform domain and selecting the transform-domain encoder if the first and second parameters indicate the input signal being more sparse in the transform domain than in the time domain.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein comparing the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain comprises:

transforming a first signal in a time domain to obtain a second signal in a transform domain;

determining a first parameter and a second parameter based on the first and second signals; and

determining whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse based on the first and second parameters.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein determining the first and second parameters comprises:

determining the first parameter based on a minimum number of values in the first signal containing at least a particular percentage of total energy of the first signal, and

determining the second parameter based on a minimum number of values in the second signal containing at least the particular percentage of total energy of the second signal.

28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

determining a first cumulative energy function for the first signal; and

determining a second cumulative energy function for the second signal and wherein determining the first and the second parameters comprises;

determining the first parameter based on a number of times the first cumulative energy function meets or exceeds the second cumulative energy function, and

determining the second parameter based on a number of times the second cumulative energy function meets or exceeds the first cumulative energy function.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:

determining a third parameter based on instances in which the first cumulative energy function exceeds the second cumulative energy function; and

determining a fourth parameter based on instances in which the second cumulative energy function exceeds the first cumulative energy function, and wherein whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse is determined further based on the third and fourth parameters.

30. The method of claim 26, further comprising:

determining at least a second count based on prior determinations of the first signal being more sparse and prior determinations of the second signal being more sparse, and wherein whether the first signal or the second signal is more sparse is determined further based on the at least second count.

31. The method of claim 26, wherein determining that the first signal is more sparse is based on the first parameter being smaller than the second parameter by a first threshold and wherein determining that the second signal is more sparse is based on the second parameter being smaller than the first parameter by a second threshold.

32. An apparatus comprising:

means for determining sparseness of an input signal in at least a time domain and a transform domain based on a plurality of parameters of the input signal;

means for comparing the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain;

means for determining at least one count based on prior selections of a time-domain encoder and prior selections of a transform-domain encoder;

means for selecting an encoder from at least the time-domain encoder and the transform-domain encoder based on the comparison and the at least one count; and

means for encoding the input signal based on the selected encoder.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising means for detecting for activity in the input signal, and wherein the means for selecting the encoder further comprises means for selecting a silence encoder if activity is not detected in the input signal.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising means for determining whether the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics, and wherein the means for selecting the encoder further comprises means for selecting a noise-like signal encoder if the input signal has noise-like signal characteristics.

35. A processor-readable non-transitory media for storing instructions to:

determine sparseness of an input signal in at least a time domain and a transform domain based on a plurality of parameters of the input signal;

compare the sparseness of the input signal in the time domain to the sparseness of the input signal in the transform domain;

determine at least one count based on prior selections of a time-domain encoder and prior selections of a transform-domain encoder;

select an encoder from at least the time-domain encoder and the transform-domain encoder based on the comparison and the at least one count; and

encode the input signal based on the selected encoder.