Power dissipating arrangement in a wind turbine

• US 9,590,546 B2
• Filed: 11/06/2015
• Issued: 03/07/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Original Assignee: Vestas Wind Systems A/S
• Inventors: Styhm, Ove, Tripathi, Anshuman, Gupta, Amit Kumar
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, VIET P
• Application Number:
  US14/934,997
• Publication Number:
  US 20160099561A1
• Time in Patent Office: 487 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/04 Automatic control; Regulation
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/067 on occurrence of a load dump control on sudden change of load H02P9/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2101/15 for wind-driven turbines
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 3/22 by short-circuit or resistive braking
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/00 Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 9/006 Means for protecting the generator by using control control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients H02P9/10
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a generator in a wind turbine is provided. The generator comprises a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase output. The power dissipating arrangement comprises a plurality of dissipating units, a plurality of semiconductor switches, a trigger circuit for switching the semiconductor switches and a control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches.

Claims

1. A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a generator in a wind turbine, wherein the generator comprises a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase output, the power dissipating arrangement comprises:

a plurality of dissipating units, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to each output terminal of the generator;

a plurality of semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein the first terminal of each semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of a first dissipating unit of the plurality of dissipating units and the second terminal of the semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of a second dissipating unit of the plurality of dissipating units, such that the second terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to the first terminal of a first semiconductor switch of the plurality of semiconductor switches and the second terminal of a second semiconductor switch of the plurality of semiconductor switches;

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the plurality of the semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches; and

a control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches.

2. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches comprise thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET).

3. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the operation of the trigger circuit based on inputs obtained from at least one of:

a voltage at the first terminal of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units,

a voltage at the second terminal of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units,

current of at least one of the output terminals of the generator,

temperature of at least one of the plurality of dissipating units, and

a shut down signal.

4. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine comprises a turbine control, and wherein the control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the plurality of semiconductor switches when the control unit detects a shut down signal from the turbine control, thereby causing power from the generator to be dissipated through the plurality of dissipating units.

5. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising a voltage measurement unit, wherein the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure a respective voltage at the second terminal of each of the plurality of dissipating units.

6. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 5, further comprising a health monitoring unit, wherein the health monitoring unit is configured to determine a health status of the power dissipating arrangement during a testing phase of the wind turbine by:

obtaining a first voltage measurement from the voltage measurement unit;

determining the health status of the generator based on the first voltage measurement;

controlling the controller unit to turn on the plurality of semiconductor switches for a predefined period of time;

obtaining a second voltage measurement from the voltage measurement unit; and

determining the health status of the plurality of semiconductor switches and the trigger circuit based on the second voltage measurement.

7. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the plurality of semiconductor switches to dissipate power from the generator through the plurality of dissipating units when the measured voltages exhibit a predetermined voltage characteristic.

8. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined voltage characteristic comprises at least one of:

asymmetry in the measured voltages; and

at least one of the measured voltages is outside a predetermined range.

9. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, further comprising a current measurement unit, wherein the current measurement unit is configured to measure a respective current at a plurality of input terminals of a power converter coupled to the output terminals of the generator.

10. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to cause the trigger circuit to turn on the plurality of semiconductor switches to dissipate power from the generator through the plurality of dissipating units when the measured currents exhibit a predetermined current characteristic.

11. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined current characteristic comprises at least one of:

asymmetry in the measured currents; and

at least one of the measured currents is outside a predetermined range.

12. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of dissipating units is at least one of a resistor and a bank of resistors.

13. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the trigger circuit turns on at least one of the plurality of semiconductor switches by providing a gating signal.

14. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first terminal of the plurality of semiconductor switches is the anode of the semiconductor and the second terminal of the plurality of semiconductor switches is the cathode of the semiconductor.

15. A power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from a generator in a wind turbine, wherein the generator comprises a first, second and third output terminal corresponding to a three-phase output, the power dissipating arrangement comprises:

a first, second and third dissipating unit, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein

the first terminal of the first dissipating unit is coupled to the first output terminal of the generator,

the first terminal of the second dissipating unit is coupled to the second output terminal of the generator, and

the first terminal of the third dissipating unit is coupled to the third output terminal of the generator;

a first, second and third semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein

the first terminal of the first semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first dissipating unit and the second terminal of the first semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the second dissipating unit,

the first terminal of the second semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the second dissipating unit and the second terminal of the second semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the third dissipating unit,

the first terminal of the third semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the third dissipating unit and the second terminal of the third semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of the first dissipating unit;

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the first, second and third semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches; and

a control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches.

16. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches comprise thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET).

17. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 15, further comprising a voltage measurement unit, wherein the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure a respective voltage at the second terminal of each of the dissipating units.

18. A wind turbine comprising:

a generator comprising a plurality of output terminals corresponding to a multi-phase power output;

a power converter for converting the power output from the generator; and

a power dissipating arrangement for dissipating power from the generator,

wherein the power dissipating arrangement comprises;

a plurality of dissipating units, each dissipating unit having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to each output terminal of the generator;

a plurality of semiconductor switches, each semiconductor switch having a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal, wherein the first terminal of each semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of a first dissipating unit of the plurality of dissipating units and the second terminal of the semiconductor switch is coupled to the second terminal of a second dissipating unit of the plurality of dissipating units, such that the second terminal of each dissipating unit is coupled to the first terminal of a first semiconductor switch of the plurality of semiconductor switches and the second terminal of a second semiconductor switch of the plurality of semiconductor switches;

a trigger circuit coupled to the gate terminals of the plurality of the semiconductor switches for switching the semiconductor switches; and

a control unit for controlling the operation of the trigger circuit, thereby controlling the switching of the semiconductor switches.

19. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of semiconductor switches comprise thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) or metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET).

20. The power dissipating arrangement according to claim 18, further comprising a voltage measurement unit, wherein the voltage measurement unit is configured to measure a respective voltage at the second terminal of each of the plurality of dissipating units.