Method and device for distributing electricity flows and electrical system comprising such a device

• US 9,594,364 B2
• Filed: 07/12/2013
• Issued: 03/14/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Schneider Electric Industries SAS (Schneider Electric SE)
• Original Assignee: Schneider Electric Industries SAS (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Guyon, Caroline, Beguery, Patrick, Lamoudi, Mohamed Yacine
• Primary Examiner(s): Rashid, Wissam
• Application Number:
  US13/941,007
• Publication Number:
  US 20140025212A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,341 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/665 Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

A method for distributing, during a given time period, electricity flows in a system having at least one production and one consumption element, and provides for measuring the state of charge of each storage element and electrical powers produced and consumed. Initialization steps include defining physical modeling parameters, defining a model, in the form of state representation using the physical parameters, defining optimization parameters, and predefining an optimization problem, over the given time period, for the distribution of the electricity flows using the model. Iterative steps, at successive updating times of the given time period, include measuring a state of charge of each storage element and the electricity production and consumption powers, updating a preview of the behavior of the production and consumption elements for another given time period, defining the formulation of the optimization problem for the other time period, solving the problem, and applying electricity distribution controls.

Claims

1. A method for distributing, during a given time period, electricity flows in a system, the system including:

at least one energy production element and one energy consumption element of electricity from the following elements;

an electricity distribution network suitable for supplying and/or receiving energy from other elements of the system,

an electricity storage element suitable for receiving energy production from the at least one energy production element of the system and/or for supplying energy to the at least one energy consumption element of the system,

a building suitable for consuming energy produced locally and/or from the distribution network and/or from a storage element, and

a local electricity production source suitable for supplying energy to the distribution network and/or building and/or storage element; and

a monitoring unit configured to measure a state of charge of each storage element and electrical powers produced and consumed by each of the elements of the system,

wherein the method comprises;

initialisation steps including;

a) defining physical system modelling parameters, wherein the physical system modelling parameters are physical quantities conditioning the energy consumption or production of the at least one energy production element and one energy consumption element,

b) defining a model of the system, in the form of state representation using the physical system modelling parameters determined in step a), wherein the model of the system is defined with the following state representation;

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a) comprises defining parameters for determining a production and/or consumption profile of at least one element of the system over the given time period.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein step c) for defining the optimisation parameters comprises at least defining the given time period and defining an updating period defining an interval between two iterative steps of the successive updating times of the given time period.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the matrices φ

, ψ and

ξ

are defined by the following equations;

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the state x of the system corresponds to the state of charge of each electricity storage element.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein control parameter u is defined according to the following vector:

u=[P_charge^M11 P_discharge^M11 P_purchase^M14 P_resale^M14 P_localCons^M8]^T

where P_charge^M11 and P_discharge^M11 are charge and discharge powers for each storage element, respectively, P_purchase^M14 and P_resale^M14 are purchased and resold powers for each distribution network and P_localCons^M8 corresponds to the local powers produced by each element of the system and consumed locally.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the disturbance parameter w is defined according to the following vector:

w=[P_prod^M8 E_vehicle^M10]^T

where P_prod^M8 corresponds to the electrical powers produced locally by each local electricity production source, and E_vehicle^M10 corresponds to the energies consumed by at least one electric vehicle incorporating one or a plurality of storage elements, when said elements are not connected to the rest of the system.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system output parameter is defined according to the following vector

y=[P_building^M4 x 0]^T

where P_building^M4 corresponds to power supplied to each building, and x corresponds to the state of charge of each storage element.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix A_in is defined according to the following equation:

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein step f) for updating a preview of the behaviour of the production and consumption elements includes updating the energy production and consumption profiles for each of the elements of the system, and updating constraints relating to the control parameter, the output parameter, the disturbance parameter, and to a variation between two matrices Ũ

calculated at two consecutive times k and k+1.

11. A distribution device for distributing, during a given time period, electricity flows in a system, the system comprising:

at least one energy production element and one energy consumption element of electricity from the following elements;

an electricity distribution network suitable for supplying and/or receiving energy from other elements of the system,

an electricity storage element suitable for receiving energy production from the at least one energy production element of the system and/or for supplying energy to the at least one energy consumption element of the system,

a building suitable for consuming energy produced locally and/or from the distribution network and/or from a storage element, and

a local electricity production source suitable for supplying energy to the distribution network and/or building and/or storage element; and

a monitoring unit configured to measure a state of charge of each storage element and electrical powers produced and consumed by each of the elements of the system,

wherein the distribution device comprises a calculator configured to implement;

initialisation steps including;

a) defining physical system modelling parameters, wherein the physical system modelling parameters are physical quantities conditioning the energy consumption or production of the at least one energy production element and one energy consumption element,

b) defining a model of the system, in the form of state representation using the physical system modelling parameters determined in step a), wherein the model of the system is defined with the following state representation;

12. The distribution device according to claim 11, wherein the storage element comprises at least one storage element arranged on an electric vehicle.

13. An electric system comprising:

one energy production element and one energy consumption element of electricity from the following elements;

an electricity distribution network suitable for supplying and/or receiving energy from other elements of the system,

an electricity storage element suitable for receiving energy production from the energy production element of the system and/or for supplying energy to the energy consumption element of the system,

a building suitable for consuming energy produced locally and/or from the distribution network and/or from a storage element, and

a local electricity production source suitable for supplying energy to the network and/or building and/or storage element;

a monitoring unit configured to measure a state of charge of each storage element and electrical powers produced and consumed by each of the elements of the system; and

a distribution device including a calculator configured to implement;

initialisation steps including;

a) defining physical system modelling parameters, wherein the physical system modelling parameters are physical quantities conditioning the energy consumption or production of the one energy production element and one energy consumption element,

b) defining a model of the system, in the form of state representation using the physical system modelling parameters determined in step a), wherein the model of the system is defined with the following state representation;