Distributed energy conversion systems

• US 9,608,448 B2
• Filed: 01/05/2016
• Issued: 03/28/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Enphase Energy Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Sunpower Corporation (Totalenergies Se)
• Inventors: Naiknaware, Ravindranath, Le, Triet Tu, Fiez, Terri, Mayaram, Kartikeya
• Primary Examiner(s): Fleming, Fritz M
• Application Number:
  US14/988,497
• Publication Number:
  US 20160211672A1
• Time in Patent Office: 448 Days
• Field of Search: 307/77, 307/82
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/26 involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/28 The renewable source being wind energy
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/30 The power source being a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/40 Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/04 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/42 Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/44 by static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4807 having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
• CPC Class Codes: H02S 40/32 comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/10 Photovoltaic [PV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Abstract

A distributed energy conversion system may include one or more DC power sources and two or more inverters to convert DC power from the power sources to AC power. The AC power from the two or more inverters may be combined to provide a single AC output. A module may include one or more photovoltaic cells and two or more inverters. An integrated circuit may include power electronics to convert DC input power to AC output power and processing circuitry to control the power electronics. The AC output power may be synchronized with an AC power distribution system.

Claims

1. A solar photovoltaic system comprising:

a plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells, wherein each string of photovoltaic cells comprises multiple individual photovoltaic cells electrically coupled together to generate a DC power in response to exposure to an amount of sunlight;

an integrated direct current-to-alternating current (DC-to-AC) inverter comprising an AC output and a DC input electrically coupled to the plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells; and

an isolation layer, different from the integrated DC-to-AC inverter and the photovoltaic cells, separating the photovoltaic cells from the integrated DC-to-AC inverter.

2. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of DC-to-AC inverters, wherein each integrated DC-to-AC inverter comprises a DC input electrically coupled to a single, different string of photovoltaic cells.

3. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 2, wherein the isolation layer is different from each integrated DC-to-AC inverter and is to separate each photovoltaic cell from each integrated DC-to-AC inverter.

4. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, wherein the DC input of the DC-to-AC inverter is electrically connected to the plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells via an electrical interconnection that passes through the isolation layer.

5. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, wherein the DC input is electrically coupled to a single string of the photovoltaic cells.

6. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 5, wherein the DC input of the integrated DC-to-AC inverter is defined on a first side of the integrated DC-to-AC inverter that faces toward the single string of photovoltaic cells and the AC output of the integrated DC-to-AC inverter is defined on a second side of the integrated DC-to-AC inverter opposite the first side.

7. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, further comprising an encapsulation layer having a pocket defined in an inner side, wherein the integrated DC-to-AC inverter is positioned in the pocket of the encapsulation layer.

8. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, wherein the integrated DC-to-AC inverter comprises an integrated power converter including a plurality of electronical components established on a single integrated circuit.

9. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 1, further comprising one or more energy storage devices adapted to store energy generated by the plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells.

10. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 9, wherein the one or more energy storage devices are adapted to store DC power generated by an AC-to-DC converter that receives power from the DC-to-AC inverter.

11. An energy converter system comprising:

a string of photovoltaic cells comprising multiple individual photovoltaic cells electrically coupled together to generate a DC power in response to exposure to an amount of sunlight;

an integrated direct current-to-alternating current (DC-to-AC) inverter comprising an AC output, a DC input electrically coupled to the string of photovoltaic cells, and an integrated energy storage device; and

an isolation layer, different from the integrated DC-to-AC inverter and the photovoltaic cells, separating the photovoltaic cells from the integrated DC-to-AC inverter.

12. The energy converter system of claim 11, wherein the integrated energy storage device comprises a battery.

13. The energy converter system of claim 11, wherein the integrated energy storage device comprises an inductor.

14. The energy converter system of claim 11, wherein the integrated energy storage device comprises a capacitor.

15. The energy converter system of claim 11, wherein the integrated DC-to-AC inverter comprises an integrated power converter including a plurality of electronical components established on a single integrated circuit.

16. A solar photovoltaic system comprising:

a plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells, wherein each string of photovoltaic cells comprises multiple individual photovoltaic cells electrically coupled together to generate a DC power in response to exposure to an amount of sunlight;

a plurality of direct current-to-alternating current (DC-to-AC) inverters, wherein each DC-to-AC inverter comprises (i) a DC input electrically coupled to a single, different string of photovoltaic cells and defined on a first side of the DC-to-AC inverter that faces toward the corresponding single, different string of photovoltaic cells and (ii) an AC output electrically coupled to a corresponding AC output of each other DC-to-AC inverter and defined on a second side of the DC-to-AC inverter opposite the first side;

an isolation layer, different from the DC-to-AC inverter and the photovoltaic cells, separating each photovoltaic cell from each DC-to-AC inverter; and

an energy storage device remote from the plurality of DC-to-AC inverters and adapted to store energy generated by the plurality of strings of photovoltaic cells.

17. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 16, wherein each of the DC-to-AC inverters comprises an integrated power converter, wherein each of the integrated power converters comprises a plurality of electrical components established on a single integrated circuit.

18. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 17, wherein the integrated power converter comprises an energy storage device to store energy generated by the corresponding DC-to-AC inverter.

19. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 16, wherein the DC input of each DC-to-AC inverter is electrically connected to the corresponding single, different string of photovoltaic cells via corresponding electrical interconnections that pass through the isolation layer.

20. The solar photovoltaic system of claim 16, further comprising an encapsulation layer having a plurality of pockets defined in an inner side, wherein each of the DC-to-AC inverters is positioned in a corresponding pocket of the encapsulation layer.