Power transmitting apparatus, power receiving apparatus, control apparatus, and wireless power transfer system

• US 9,608,453 B2
• Filed: 01/10/2013
• Issued: 03/28/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Shijo, Tetsu, Yamada, Akiko, Onizuka, Kohei, Moritsuka, Fumi, Ishihara, Hiroaki, Oodachi, Noriaki, Obayashi, Shuichi, Kudo, Hiroki, Ogawa, Kenichirou, Otaka, Shoji, Shoki, Hiroki
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): PIGGUSH, AARON C
• Application Number:
  US13/738,151
• Publication Number:
  US 20130249299A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,538 Days
• Field of Search: 320/104, 320/108, 307/80, 307/104
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/36 Temperature of vehicle components or parts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/36 by positioning the vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/37 using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 4/00 Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/26 using coils
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

There is provided a power transmitting apparatus including: a power supply, a power transmitting inductor, a mutual coupling adjusting unit and a control unit, in which the power supply supplies AC power, the power transmitting inductor transfers the AC power to a power receiving apparatus through magnetic coupling with a power receiving inductor in the power receiving apparatus, the mutual coupling adjusting unit adjusts a relative position between the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor, and the control unit controls the mutual coupling adjusting unit, based on a mutual coupling coefficient between the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor.

Claims

1. A wireless power transfer system comprising:

a power transmitting apparatus including a power supply to supply AC power and a power transmitting inductor supplied with the AC power;

a power receiving apparatus including a power receiving inductor to receive the AC power through magnetic coupling with the power transmitting inductor and an adjustment circuit to supply the AC power received by the power receiving inductor, to a load;

a mutual coupling adjusting unit to adjust a relative position between the power receiving inductor and the power transmitting inductor; and

a control unit to control the mutual coupling adjusting unit, based on a mutual coupling coefficient between the power receiving inductor and the power transmitting inductor;

wherein the control unit calculates the mutual coupling coefficient based on a voltage and a current on the power receiving apparatus and a voltage and a current on the power transmitting apparatus, and controls the mutual coupling adjusting unit so that the mutual coupling coefficient falls within a predetermined range and an upper limit of the predetermined range is a value less than a maximum of the mutual coupling coefficient between the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves a position of at least one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor, or changes a tilt of at least one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the mutual coupling adjusting unit rotates at least one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein

one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor includes a first insertion member;

and a coil wound around the first insertion member, and

the mutual coupling adjusting unit move a position of the first insertion member in the coil in a length direction of the coil.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein

a second insertion member is disposed in a space between the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor, and

the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves a position of the second insertion member, or changes a tilt of the second insertion member.

6. The system according to claim 1, comprising:

a casing having an opening, to enclose the power transmitting inductor or the power receiving inductor within the casing; and

a movable cover member to be disposed in the opening, wherein

the mutual coupling adjusting unit adjusts to open and close the cover member.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus is mounted on a car,

the power transmitting apparatus is disposed in a parking facility, and

the mutual coupling adjusting unit adjusts a distance between the power receiving apparatus and the power transmitting apparatus by moving a suspension of the car.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the control unit performs control to lock the suspension at a position where the mutual coupling coefficient falls within a predetermined range.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus is mounted on a car,

the power transmitting apparatus is disposed in a parking facility, and

the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves a position of the car.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus is mounted on a car,

the power transmitting apparatus is disposed in a parking facility,

the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves a position of at least one of the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus,

the system comprises a button to instruct movement of at least one of the power transmitting apparatus and the power receiving apparatus, and

the control unit controls the mutual coupling adjusting unit, based on an input to the button.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus is mounted on a car,

the power transmitting apparatus is disposed in a parking facility,

a sensor is provided in the parking facility to detect a position of the power receiving apparatus,

the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves the position of the power receiving apparatus, and

the control unit controls the mutual coupling adjusting unit, based on a detected value of the sensor.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the sensor detects a position of the power receiving apparatus, based on light emitted from a light of the car.

13. The system according to claim 11, comprising:

a lighting unit installed in the parking facility;

a illumination sensor to determine a brightness of an environment of the sensor, wherein

the sensor is a camera sensor, and

the control unit turns on the lighting unit when it is determined that the environment of the sensor is dark.

14. The system according to claim 11, comprising:

a rear view monitor to display an image captured by a camera mounted at a rear of the car, wherein

the control unit displays, on the rear view monitor, a position adjustment mark for adjusting a position of the power receiving apparatus with respect to the power transmitting apparatus.

15. The system according to claim 11, wherein

the sensor is a camera sensor, and

the control unit analyzes an image captured by the camera sensor, to detect dirt on a lens of the camera sensor and notifies a user of detecting the dirt on the lens.

16. The system according to claim 11, wherein

the sensor is a camera sensor,

a wiper is mounted on the sensor, and

the control unit analyzes an image captured by the camera sensor, to detect dirt on a lens of the camera sensor and controls drive of the wiper to remove the dirt on the lens.

17. The system according to claim 11, wherein

the sensor is a camera sensor, and

a lens of the sensor is provided with anti-dirt treatment.

18. The system according to claim 11, wherein

the sensor is a camera sensor, and

the camera sensor is longitudinally placed such that a lens of the camera sensor is perpendicular to an installation surface of the camera sensor.

19. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a weight sensor to detect, by a change in weight, that foreign matter is contacted with one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor; and

a movable member to be movable in a longitudinal or a lateral direction of one of the power transmitting inductor and the power receiving inductor, wherein

when the foreign matter is detected by the weight sensor, the control unit controls movement of the movable member to remove the foreign matter.

20. The system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a temperature sensor to detect, by a change in temperature, that foreign matter is contacted with the power transmitting inductor the power receiving inductor; and

a movable member to be movable in a longitudinal or a lateral direction of the power transmitting inductor or the power receiving inductor,

wherein when the foreign matter is detected by the temperature sensor, the control unit controls movement of the movable member to remove the foreign matter.

21. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power transmitting apparatus includes:

a first to an Nth power supply as the power supply; and

a power supply switching unit,

a power supply voltage is higher in order of the first to the Nth, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2, and

the power supply switching unit selects a power supply with a smaller number among the first to the Nth, for a higher mutual computing coefficient.

22. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus includes:

a first to an Mth adjustment circuit as the adjustment circuit, the first to the Mth adjustment circuit being to convert a voltage received by the power receiving inductor; and

an adjustment circuit switching unit,

a voltage conversion ratio of the first to the Mth adjustment circuit is smaller in order of the first to the Mth adjustment circuit, and

the adjustment circuit switching unit selects a adjustment circuit with a smaller number among the first to the Nth, for a higher mutual computing coefficient.

23. The system according to claim 1, wherein

the power receiving apparatus is mounted on a car,

the power transmitting apparatus is disposed in a parking facility,

the car includes a sensor to detect a position of the power transmitting apparatus,

the mutual coupling adjusting unit moves the position of the power transmitting apparatus, and

the control unit controls the mutual coupling adjusting unit, based on a detected value of the sensor.