Electric vehicle

• US 9,616,759 B2
• Filed: 10/15/2012
• Issued: 04/11/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kawasaki Motors
• Original Assignee: Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
• Inventors: Matsuda, Yoshimoto, Waida, Kazuma
• Primary Examiner(s): Ro, Bentsu
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRUNEH, ZEMENAY T
• Application Number:
  US14/436,054
• Publication Number:
  US 20150266386A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,639 Days
• Field of Search: 318139, 296 64
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/04 of the electric storage means for propulsion exchanging batteries for electric propulsion of vehicles B60L53/80; for auxiliary purposes only B60R16/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/36 Vehicles designed to transport cargo, e.g. trucks
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/20 Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/66 Arrangements of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/14 Conductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/18 of two or more battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/21 having the same nominal voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60Y 2200/86 Carts; Golf carts
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/08 Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/46 for ICE-powered road vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 3/14 by regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 4/00 Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric motors that can be connected to two or more different electric power supplies vector control H02P21/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

An electric vehicle comprises an electric motor which rotates a wheel; a battery which is an electric power supply unit for the electric motor; and a battery accommodating space which is provided in a vehicle body and accommodates the battery therein; wherein the battery accommodating space includes a first accommodating section which stores a standard battery pack including a first battery as the battery, and a second accommodating section which accommodates an optional battery pack including a second battery as the battery such that the optional battery pack is removable from the vehicle body, and wherein a voltage of the first battery is a value corresponding to an activation voltage of the electric motor, and the electric vehicle is capable of driving with an electric power supplied from at least the first battery.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle comprising:

an electric motor which rotates a wheel;

a battery which is an electric power supply unit for the electric motor;

a battery accommodating space which is provided in a vehicle body and accommodates the battery therein; and

a control unit;

wherein the battery accommodating space includes a first accommodating section which accommodates therein a standard battery pack including a first battery as the battery, and a second accommodating section which accommodates therein an optional battery pack including a second battery as the battery such that the optional battery pack is removable from the vehicle body,

wherein the first battery stores energy at a voltage and the electric vehicle is capable of driving with an electric power supplied from at least the first battery,

wherein the standard battery pack and the optional battery pack have the same structure,

wherein the vehicle body has an identification structure for allowing the standard battery pack or the optional battery pack to identify whether the standard battery pack or the optional battery pack is accommodated in the first accommodating section or in the second accommodating section, and

wherein the control unit provides operation commands to each of the standard battery pack and the optional battery pack, and each of the standard battery pack and the optional battery pack identifies the corresponding operation command, among the operation commands provided by the control unit, and is configured to operate in response to the identified operation command.

2. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

an electric power supply switching unit which performs switching of an electric power supply state between a first electric power supply state in which only the electric power stored in the first battery is supplied to the electric motor, and a second electric power supply state in which the electric power stored in at least the second battery is supplied to the electric motor in a state in which the optional battery pack is mounted to the vehicle body.

3. The electric vehicle according to claim 2,

wherein a voltage of the second battery is a value corresponding to the voltage of the electric motor, and the second battery is electrically connected in parallel with the first battery in a state in which the optional battery pack is accommodated in the second accommodating section, and

wherein in the second electric power supply state, the electric power stored in the second battery is supplied to the electric motor and the first battery is disconnected from the electric motor.

4. The electric vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising:

an inhibiting circuit which inhibits the electric power from being simultaneously supplied from the first battery and the second battery to the electric motor.

5. The electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein

the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state based on a battery state and/or a vehicle state.

6. The electric vehicle according to claim 5,

wherein the control unit is configured to, when a remaining battery level of one of the first and second batteries reaches a switching remaining battery level set to a value which is higher than a limit remaining battery level at which the electric motor cannot be activated well, control the electric power supply switching unit to supply the electric power stored in the other of the first and second batteries to the electric motor.

7. The electric vehicle according to claim 5,

wherein the control unit configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state during driving, which is other than accelerated/decelerated driving.

8. The electric vehicle according to claim 5,

wherein the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state, based on driving torque.

9. The electric vehicle according to claim 5,

wherein the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state during a state in which the electric power is not supplied to the electric motor.

10. The electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein

the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state in response to a switching command provided by a driver.

11. The electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein

the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state such that the first battery or the second battery, which has a lower remaining battery level, is connected to the electric motor, in a state in which the electric motor is generating a regenerative power.

12. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

a charging connector which is electrically connected to the first battery, the charging connector being connected to the second battery in a state in which the optional battery pack is accommodated in the second accommodating section; and

a charging control section which selects the battery to be charged with the electric power supplied from the charging connector, based on a battery state.

13. The electric vehicle according to claim 1,

wherein the first accommodating section and the second accommodating section are longer in dimension in a rightward and leftward direction than in a forward and rearward direction, and are arranged in the forward and rearward direction, and

wherein the second accommodating section is placed below a cargo bed and exposed by banking the cargo bed.

14. The electric vehicle according to claim 13,

wherein the first accommodating section is placed in a center portion of the electric vehicle in a vehicle length direction and below a seat.

15. The electric vehicle according to claim 13, further comprising:

an inverter which converts the electric power stored in the battery into AC power and supplies the AC power to the electric motor,

wherein the inverter is adjacent to the battery accommodating space at one side in a vehicle width direction.

16. The electric vehicle according to claim 15,

wherein the electric motor is positioned at the one side in the vehicle width direction, with respect to a center in the vehicle width direction.

17. The electric vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising:

a first battery monitoring unit which is provided in the standard battery pack and outputs state information of the first battery; and

a second battery monitoring unit which is provided in the optional battery pack and outputs state information of the second battery.

18. The electric vehicle according to claim 17, further comprising:

an electric power supply switching unit which performs switching of an electric power supply state between a first electric power supply state, in which only the electric power stored in the first battery is supplied to the electric motor, and a second electric power supply state, in which the electric power stored in at least the second battery is supplied to the electric motor in a state in which the optional battery pack is mounted to the vehicle body; and

wherein the control unit is configured to control the electric power supply switching unit to perform switching of the electric power supply state based on state information of the first battery, which is output from the first battery monitoring unit, and state information of the second battery, which is output from the second battery monitoring unit.