Embedded solid-state battery

• US 9,627,717 B1
• Filed: 10/16/2012
• Issued: 04/18/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sakti3, Inc
• Original Assignee: Sakti3, Inc
• Inventors: Kim, Hyon Cheol, Langlois, Marc, Sastry, Ann Marie, Chung, Myoungdo, Buckingham, Stephen
• Primary Examiner(s): Stagg, Miriam
• Assistant Examiner(s): Haske, Wojciech
• Application Number:
  US13/653,366
• Time in Patent Office: 1,645 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0404 Machines for assembling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0413 Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0418 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0436 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/044 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0463 Cells or batteries with horizontal or inclined electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0472 Vertically superposed cells with vertically disposed plates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0585 of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/28 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/281 Large cells or batteries with stacks of plate-like electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/282 with bipolar electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/287 Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment H01M10/283 and H01M10/286 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/0495 Nanobatteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/54 Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/188 Processes of manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/46 of flat cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Elements of an electrochemical cell using an end to end process. The method includes depositing a planarization layer, which manufactures embedded conductors of said cell, allowing a deposited termination of optimized electrical performance and energy density. The present invention covers the technique of embedding the conductors and active layers in a planarized matrix of PML or other material, cutting them into discrete batteries, etching the planarization material to expose the current collectors and terminating them in a post vacuum deposition step.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing of a solid-state electrochemical device, the method comprising:

forming, using at least a process chamber, a plurality of first strip regions overlying a surface region of a substrate member coupled to a transfer device, the transfer device being selected from at least one of a drum device, a roll-to-roll device, a plate device or a belt device, each of the first strip regions comprising a stack of thin film electrochemical devices, each of the thin film electrochemical devices comprising at least an anode material, a cathode material, and an electrolyte material, the plurality of first strip regions being configured in a first direction along a length of the surface region of the substrate and being normal to a second direction, the second direction being normal to the first direction;

forming a first gap region associated with each of the plurality of strip regions using a removal process, each of the plurality of first strip regions having a first thickness above the surface region, the removal process being selected from one of a shadow masking removal or ablation process or a laser ablation process to cause formation of a plurality of strips configured with the plurality of first gap regions, each of which is separating a pair of strips;

forming a fill material overlying the plurality of first strips and plurality of first gap regions to substantially fill each of the first gap regions and substantially enclose each of the plurality of first strips and forming a planarized first upper surface region overlying the plurality of strips;

successively repeating the process of forming the plurality of strip regions, the plurality of gap regions, and forming the fill material overlying the planarized first upper surface region N times, where N is an integer greater than two (2) to form multiple plurality of strips configured as a vertical stack structure enclosed in the fill material overlying the substrate member,

removing the substrate member including the vertical stack structure including the multiple plurality of strips from the transfer device, while maintaining the substrate member having the multiple plurality of strips intact and enclosed in fill material;

selectively separating one or more of the plurality of strips to form an encapsulated portion of one of the multiple strips enclosed in fill material;

exposing a first conductor from a first side of the encapsulating portion of one of the multiple strips and exposing a second conductor from a second side of the encapsulating portion of one of the multiple strips;

forming a first electrode member electrically and mechanically coupled to the first conductor and forming a second electrode member electrically and mechanically coupled to the second conductor; and

providing a discrete battery device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the first electrode member and the second electrode member are provided by at least one of vacuum deposition, plating, thermal spraying, dipping, coating, air or airless spraying or brushing.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill material for the first planarized upper surface region comprises an acrylated monomer or mixture of a plurality of monomers and curing initiators with a viscosity measured in cps at 20 degrees Celsius between about 0.6 and 600.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein exposing comprises an etching process, the etching process being at least one of a liquid etchant to selectively etch an anode current collector or a cathode collector or a plasma or plasma with ion assist including at least one background gas, the background gas being at least one of argon, oxygen, nitrogen, helium, CF₆, CF₄, CH₄, SF₆, H, and/or combinations thereof.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of strip regions is characterized by greater than 1000 strips in parallel arrangement.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fill material is characterized as an electrical insulator deposited by at least one of PVD, CVD, PECVD, flash evaporation, thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, RF or DC or pulsed DC or mid frequency magnetron sputtering, or high power pulsed magnetron sputtering HPPMS.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrode member and the second electrode member are made using a conductive material from as least one of chromium, nickel, monel, titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, copper, zinc, tantalum, tin, iridium, palladium, tantalum, or their alloys, and nitrides, the conductive material being provided using at least one of electroplating, electroless plating, PVD, CVD, Plasma assisted CVD, sputtering, bias sputtering, ion assisted deposition, arc deposition, flame and plasma spraying, dipping, painting, ink jet printing, roll coating, or combinations thereof.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first electrode member and the second electrode member are characterized by an adhesion factor to the first conductor and the second conductor, the adhesion factor being greater than 0.05 pounds per square inch.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first conductor and the second conductor has greater thickness region within a vicinity of a termination with the first electrode member or the second electrode member.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the plurality of strips are configured with one or more different widths and/or lengths to form one or more different discrete battery devices.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing at least one function enhancement region configured between any pair of strips or between any one of the strips and the surface region or overlying an upper strip region or covering a entire three-dimensional shape of the one or more strips, the function enhancement region being provided

to increase resistance to environmental degradation;

to decrease lithium diffusion;

to increase resistance to scratching;

to increase resistance to solvents;

to enhance printing ink adhesion;

to provide color;

to provide gloss;

to provide reduced odor transmission;

to provide thermal protection;

to enhance thermal transfer;

to help constrain expansion;

to provide a gettering function to moisture;

to provide a gettering function to oxygen;

to provide a gettering function to nitrogen;

to enhance tolerance to thermal shock;

to enhance resistance to or transmission of EMI interference;

to minimize stress;

to provide temporary adhesion for improvement of secondary manufacturing steps;

to increase the frictional coefficient of the outer layer to increase ease of handling in assembly, packaging and use;

to provide a removable protective layer to temporarily increase protection during storage, handling or work-in-progress;

to provide temporary electrical insulation of the battery device terminals;

or

to provide adhesion of one stack of battery devices to another stack of battery devices or to a package in a separate down stream process.

12. The method of claim 11, where the function enhancement region composed of at least one of polychlorotrifluoroethene (PCTFE), polyvinylidenechloride (PVdC), epoxy compound, silicone compound, acrylate compound, urethane compound, BUNA, cellulose compound, block co-polymers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UMWPE), enamel compound, SiOx, Al₂O₃, SiOxNx, TiNx, TaNx, TaOx, glyptol, mica, MYLAR, natural rubber compound, or neoprene compound.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the selectively separating comprises using at least one of a diamond saw, diamond wire saw, carbide saw, tool steel saw, water jet, laser, ultrasonics, knife blades, scoring, breaking, punching, shearing, heat, cryogenics, etching and their combinations.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching an active or passive electrical device to the discrete battery device, the electrical device being at least one of a pin or socket, electrical energy transmission device, parallel or serial data transmission device, LED, fluorescent lamp, incandescent lamp, electroluminescence lamp, digital display, analogue display, sound producing device, vibration producing device, digital memory device, solar cell, heat producing device, thermistor or thermocouple, pressure sensing device, humidity sensing device, magnetism sensing device, acceleration sensing device, gravity sensing device, pH sensing device, blood sugar sensing device, odor sensing device, optical sensing device, x-ray sensing device, gamma ray sensing device, electric charge sensing device, MEMS based device, monolithic silicon analogue or digital device, energy management device, diode, transistor, resistor, capacitor, inductor, antenna, or RFID device.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a computed and engineered set of spatial dimensions for each anode material, cathode material, electrolyte material, first conductor, second conductor, and first electrode measured out of plane for a margin or measured in plane between a pair of dissimilar conductors and a termination, or to optimize or improve energy density for a termination region.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the margin is between about 5 and 100 microns and the set of spatial dimensions ranging from about 0.01 and 25 micron.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising an energy capacity of between 150 mAh and 50 Ah or the energy density is greater than 600 Wh/L for the discrete battery device.