Battery backup with bi-directional converter

• US 9,634,512 B1
• Filed: 12/03/2013
• Issued: 04/25/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/03/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Kim, Sangsun, Imbertson, Mark R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jackson, Stephen W
• Application Number:
  US14/095,498
• Time in Patent Office: 1,239 Days
• Field of Search: 307 66
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00308 Overvoltage protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0031 using battery or load disconnect circuits H02J9/002 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/061 for DC powered loads

Abstract

An electronic uninterruptible power supply unit includes one or more battery connections. A bi-directional converter is in electrical communication with the one or more battery connections and arranged to (a) provide power at a first controlled voltage from the one or more battery connections as a boost converter when power is determined to not be available from a power source; and (b) provide charge to the one or more battery connections by providing power at a second controlled voltage that is different from the first controlled voltage when power is determined to be available from the power source. First and second MOSFET switches are connected in series with the one or more battery connections and arranged as a bi-directional switch that controls charging current for the one or more battery connections.

Claims

1. An electronic uninterruptible power supply unit, comprising:

one or more battery connections;

a bi-directional converter in electrical communication with the one or more battery connections and arranged to (a) provide power at a first controlled voltage from the one or more battery connections as a boost converter when power is determined to not be available from a power source; and

(b) provide charge to the one or more battery connections by providing power at a second controlled voltage that is different from the first controlled voltage when power is determined to be available from the power source, wherein the bi-directional converter comprises first and second solid state switches arranged in series with each other, and at least one reactive element electrically coupled to the first and second solid state switches; and

third and fourth solid state switches connected in series with the one or more battery connections and arranged as a bi-directional switch that controls charging current for the one or more battery connections.

2. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, further comprising a controller that is arranged to regulate the first controlled voltage and second controlled voltage by selectively switching the third and fourth MOSFET first and second solid state switches on and off in a manner complementary to each other and at a particular frequency.

3. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 2, wherein the controller is arranged to adjust the first controlled voltage by adjusting an amount of time that the first solid state switch is on per cycle, and wherein the controller is arranged to adjust the second controlled voltage by adjusting an amount of time that the second solid state switch is on per cycle.

4. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, wherein the fourth solid state switch is arranged to cause the bi-directional converter to provide power from the one or more battery connections when the fourth solid state switch is active.

9. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, wherein the third solid state switch comprises an ORing FET.

10. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, further comprising an ORing FET electrically coupled between the bi-directional converter and a power bus.

11. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 10, wherein the bi-directional converter comprises the third solid state switch and wherein one of the third solid state switch and the ORing FET is arranged to operate in a linear region of a performance curve to control the charging current.

12. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, wherein the third solid state switch and the fourth solid state switch comprise a bi-directional switch.

21. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, third, and fourth solid state switches comprises a MOSFET switch.

5. An electronic uninterruptible power supply unit, comprising:

one or more battery connections;

a bi-directional converter in electrical communication with the one or more battery connections and arranged to (a) provide power at a first controlled voltage from the one or more battery connections as a boost converter when power is determined to not be available from a power source; and

(b) provide charge to the one or more battery connections by providing power at a second controlled voltage that is different from the first controlled voltage when power is determined to be available from the power source;

first and second solid state switches connected in series with the one or more battery connections and arranged as a bi-directional switch that controls charging current for the one or more battery connections; and

a controller that is arranged to cause the first solid state switch to operate in a linear region of a performance curve for the first solid state switch when charging one or more batteries by way of the battery connections.

6. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 5, wherein the controller is further arranged to control the charging current to the one or more battery connections by controlling a gate-to-source voltage of the first solid state switch while the first solid state switch is operating in the linear region.

7. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 5, wherein the controller is further arranged to cause the second solid state switch to operate in a fully on mode during discharging to the one or more battery connections.

8. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 5, wherein the controller is arranged to switch the first and second solid state switches off in response to receiving feedback indicating an abnormal voltage or abnormal current at the one or more batteries.

22. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 5, wherein each of the first and second solid state switches comprises a MOSFET switch.

13. An electronic uninterruptible power supply unit, comprising:

one or more battery connections;

a bi-directional converter in electrical communication with the one or more battery connections and arranged to (a) provide power at a first controlled voltage from the one or more battery connections as a boost converter when power is determined to not be available from a power source; and

(b) provide charge to the one or more battery connections by providing to the one or more battery connections power at a second controlled voltage that is different from the first controlled voltage when power is determined to be available from the power source; and

a bi-directional switch connected in series with the one or more battery connections and arranged to (a) isolate the one or more battery connections from a power bus in response to a fault condition and (b) control charging current provided to the one or more battery connections.

14. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 13, wherein the bi-directional switch comprises two solid state switches connected in series with each other.

15. The electronic uninterruptible power supply unit of claim 14, further comprising a controller arranged to control one of the two solid state switches in a linear mode of a performance curve for the one solid state switch to control the charging current.

16. A method for providing uninterruptible power, comprising:

receiving first data indicating power is sensed to be present at a power bus;

in response to receiving the first data;

charging one or more batteries of a uninterruptible power supply unit by providing power from the power bus to the one or more batteries;

controlling a charging voltage of the power provided to the one or more batteries using a bi-directional converter that is arranged as a buck converter during charging of the one or more batteries and as a boost converter during discharging of the batteries;

controlling a current of the power provided to the one or more batteries by operating a first solid state switch in the linear region of a performance curve for the first solid state switch, the first solid state switch being connected in series with a second solid state switch.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

receiving second data indicating that power is sensed to be absent from the power bus;

in response to receiving the second data;

discharging the one or more batteries to provide power to the power bus;

controlling a voltage of the power provided to the power bus using the bi-directional converter; and

controlling a current of the power provided to the power bus using the bi-directional converter.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein controlling the voltage of the provided power comprises controlling the voltage at a voltage level greater than that of a voltage level of the one or more batteries.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

receiving third data indicating that the current of the power provided to the one or more batteries exceeds a threshold current level; and

in response to receiving the third data, causing the first and second solid state switches to operate in an off mode to isolate the one or more batteries from the power bus.

20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

receiving third data indicating that voltage of the power provided to the one or more batteries exceeds a threshold voltage level; and

in response to receiving the third data, causing the first and second solid state switches to operate in an off mode to isolate the one or more batteries from the power bus.