Battery management system, method and battery

• US 9,641,002 B2
• Filed: 06/18/2012
• Issued: 05/02/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: PAG Limited
• Original Assignee: PAG Limited
• Inventors: Lavender, John Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Amaya, Carlos
• Application Number:
  US13/525,880
• Publication Number:
  US 20130057076A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,779 Days
• Field of Search: 307 80
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/256 Carrying devices, e.g. belts
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/296 characterised by terminals of battery packs terminals of batteries H01M50/543
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/10 Parallel operation of dc sources
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0045 concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0047 with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/34 Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering H02J7/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A battery management system includes a master control unit coupled to a plurality of batteries, at least one battery status unit providing data on the status the batteries and a power determination unit providing a measure of the power draw required from the batteries. The master control unit controls the batteries to activate only the number to meet the required power draw. The power determination unit can determine the maximum safe power to a device coupled to the batteries, the master control unit then activating a number of batteries having a combined power capacity not exceeding the safe maximum power. The system allows for a large number of batteries to be coupled to an electrical device and for these to be controlled so as not to produce a current which is too high for the device.

Claims

1. A battery management system for controlling the operation of a plurality of electrical batteries coupled to one another in parallel in a stack and stacked on an electrical device, including a master control unit coupled to each of the batteries, at least one battery status unit operable to provide data relating to the status of each of the batteries of the plurality of batteries, a unit operable to provide a measure of the power draw required from the batteries, wherein the master control unit is operable to control the operation of the plurality of batteries to activate a number of said plurality to meet the required power draw and to deactivate any batteries of said plurality which would cause said plurality of batteries to exceed the required power draw, wherein the system is configured to enable the electrical device coupled to and powered by the plurality of batteries to remain powered on during replacement of batteries in the stack, the replacement including removal and insertion of batteries in the stack.

2. A battery management system according to claim 1, including a control unit provided in each of the batteries, the control units being settable as slave units or as the master control unit, the control units being operable to determine which thereof is set the master control unit, the other control units being set as slave units.

3. A battery management system according to claim 2, wherein the control units are operable to determine the master control unit on the basis of a coupling sequence of the plurality of batteries.

4. A battery management system according to claim 3, including a battery connection element provided in each battery and effective to signal a sequential connection or lack of connection of said battery to another battery of the plurality of batteries.

5. A battery management unit according to claim 4, wherein the battery connection element includes, in each battery, a battery status terminal and a battery link terminal, wherein the battery link terminal of each battery is connectable to the battery status terminal of another of said batteries, the battery link terminal being operable to detect the presence or absence of a battery status terminal coupled thereto and thereby the connection of a battery thereto.

6. A battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the control unit of each battery is operable to set a predetermined output or output sequence on its battery status terminal, signalling the presence of said battery in the plurality of batteries, the battery link terminals being operable to detect a said output or output sequence in order to detect the presence or absence of another battery coupled thereto.

7. A battery management system according to claim 2, wherein the control unit of a last battery in a sequence of parallel connected batteries is operable to indicate said status to at least the battery directly connected thereto and to assign to said last battery in the sequence a unique identifier.

8. A battery management system according to claim 7, wherein the or each control unit is operable to assign a unique identifier to each battery in the plurality of batteries.

9. A battery management system according to claim 8, wherein the unique identifiers are indicative of the relative positions of the batteries in the sequence.

10. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the master control unit is operable to select which battery or batteries of the plurality of batteries to be active and which to be deactivated.

11. A battery management system according to claim 10, wherein the master control unit selects which battery or batteries to activate on the basis of battery charge status.

12. A battery management system according to claim 10, wherein the master control unit is operable to alter the active battery or batteries over time.

13. A battery management system according to claim 10, wherein the master control system is operable to deactivate any battery whose temperature is determined to exceed a predetermined threshold.

14. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the batteries are settable in a charging mode and in a discharge only mode, wherein a battery which is not activated to power a device is set in a discharge only mode, thereby not to draw current from any active battery.

15. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the master control unit is operable to control the charging of the plurality of batteries when connected to one another.

16. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the system includes a control unit provided in each of the batteries, the control units being settable as slave units or as the master control unit;

wherein the system is configured to retain some charge in the master battery to allow for powering an electrical device while any and all slave batteries are removed from the stack for replacement with charged batteries.

17. A battery management system according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of batteries are individually contained in an individual enclosure.

18. An electrical battery including a control unit settable as a slave unit or as a master control unit, a battery connection element effective to signal a sequential connection or lack of connection of the battery to another battery, a battery status unit operable to provide data relating to the status of the battery, a unit which provides a measure of required power draw, wherein the control unit, when set as the master control unit, is operable to control the operation of a plurality of batteries, coupled to one another in parallel in a stack on an electrical device, to activate a number of said plurality to meet the required power draw and to deactivate any batteries of said plurality which would cause said plurality of batteries to exceed the required power draw, and to enable the electrical device powered by said plurality of batteries to remain powered on during replacement of batteries in the stack, the replacement including removal and insertion of batteries in the stack.

19. An electrical battery according to claim 18, wherein the battery connection element includes a battery status terminal and a battery link terminal, wherein the battery link terminal of the battery is connectable to the battery status terminal of another battery, the battery link terminal being operable to detect the presence or absence of a battery status terminal coupled thereto and thereby the connection of a battery thereto.

20. An electrical battery according to claim 18, wherein the control unit of the battery is operable to set a predetermined output or output sequence on its battery status terminal, signalling the presence of said battery, the battery link terminal being operable to detect a said output or output sequence in order to detect the presence or absence of another battery coupled thereto.