Monitoring device including compliant variable capacitor for respiration and cardiac sensing applications

• US 9,642,580 B2
• Filed: 08/26/2015
• Issued: 05/09/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Martin, Byron Patrick, Pautsch, Adam Gregory, Pujara, Jesil Surendra, Bonneau, William John
• Primary Examiner(s): Gedeon, Brian T
• Application Number:
  US14/836,204
• Publication Number:
  US 20170055921A1
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0214 Capacitive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0261 Strain gauges
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/04 Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/043 in a linear array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1102 Ballistocardiography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1135 by monitoring thoracic expansion
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6823 Trunk, e.g., chest, back, abdomen, hip
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6831 Straps, bands or harnesses
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6832 using adhesives A61B5/259 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7278 Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals A61B5/327 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7289 Retrospective gating, i.e. associating measured signals or images with a physiological event after the actual measurement or image acquisition, e.g. by simultaneously recording an additional physiological signal during the measurement or image acquisition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/00 Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment instruments measuring radiation intensity for application in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting, G01T1/161; apparatus for taking X-ray photographs G03B42/02
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/527 using data from a motion artifact sensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/541 involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal

Abstract

A monitoring device for obtaining data from a patient during a respiratory and/or cardiac cycle of the patient. The monitoring device includes a compliant variable capacitor securely attached to the patient. The capacitance of the compliant variable capacitor changes during movement of the patient caused by the respiratory cycle and/or a cardiac cycle. The changing capacitance is used to generate a monitoring signal that includes the frequency, timing and amplitude of either the respiratory or cardiac cycle. The signal from the monitoring device is provided to a medical imaging system such that the medical imaging system can compensate for the motion of the patient during the reparatory/cardiac cycle.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring expansion and contraction of a thoracic or abdominal cavity of a patient, comprising:

a movement sensor secured to the thoracic or abdominal cavity, wherein the movement sensor includes a plurality of compliant variable capacitors that each change capacitance as the thoracic or abdominal cavity expands and contracts, wherein the plurality of variable capacitors are positioned on top of each other and electrically connected in parallel; and

a monitoring circuit that senses the changing capacitance in the parallel connected plurality of variable capacitors and generates a monitoring signal that indicates the expansion and contraction of the thoracic or abdominal cavity.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the movement sensor is formed as part of a strap that surrounds the thoracic or abdominal cavity of the patient.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the movement sensor is attachable to the patient by an adhesive.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein the compliant variable capacitors expand and contract in omni-directions.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the compliant variable capacitors includes a dielectric elastomer located between two electrodes.

6. The device of claim 1 further comprising a wireless transceiver coupled to the monitoring circuit to wirelessly transmit the monitoring signal from the device.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein the monitoring signal is indicative of a breathing cycle of the patient.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the monitoring signal is indicative of a cardiac cycle of the patient.

9. A method of generating a monitoring signal representative of a respiratory and/or cardiac cycle of a patient, comprising the steps of:

attaching a movement sensor to a patient, the movement sensor including a plurality of compliant variable capacitors that each change capacitance as the size of the compliant variable capacitors change during the respiratory and/or cardiac cycle of the patient, wherein the plurality of variable capacitors are positioned on top of each other and electrically connected in parallel;

monitoring the changes in the capacitance of the plurality of parallel connected compliant variable capacitors; and

converting the changes in the capacitance into a monitoring signal that represents the respiratory and/or cardiac cycle of the patient.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

transmitting the monitoring signal to a medical imaging system; and

utilizing the monitoring signal to relate the respiratory and/or cardiac cycle to an output of the medical imaging system.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein movement sensor is applied to the patient prior to the patient being transferred to a scanning room including the medical imaging system.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the compliant variable capacitors are attached to the patient as part of a strap that surrounds the thoracic or abdominal cavity of the patient.

13. The method of claim 9 wherein the movement sensor is attached to the patient by an adhesive.

14. The method of claim 9 wherein each of the compliant variable capacitors includes a dielectric elastomer located between two electrodes.

15. A device for monitoring expansion and contraction of a thoracic cavity or abdominal cavity of a patient for use with a medical imaging system, comprising:

a movement sensor secured to the thoracic or abdominal cavity of the patient, wherein the movement sensor includes a plurality of compliant variable capacitors positioned on top of each other and electrically connected in parallel, each capacitor including a dielectric elastomer located between two electrodes, wherein the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer changes as a surface area and/or a thickness of the dielectric elastomer changes;

a monitoring circuit that detects the changes in the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer and generates a monitoring signal; and

a transceiver coupled to the monitoring circuit to transmit the monitoring signal from the device to the medical imaging system.

16. The device of claim 15 wherein the movement sensor is formed as part of a strap that surrounds the thoracic or abdominal cavity of the patient.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the monitoring signal represents the frequency, timing and amplitude of either a respiratory or cardiac cycle of the patient.