Traveling wave detector

• US 9,645,171 B1
• Filed: 11/03/2012
• Issued: 05/09/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Lynch, Jonathan J, Hughes, Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Hollington, Jermele M
• Assistant Examiner(s): RHODES-VIVOUR, TEMILADE S
• Application Number:
  US13/668,262
• Time in Patent Office: 1,648 Days
• Field of Search: 324 7611, 324 7612, 324 7614, 324 7639, 324 7644, 324 7654, 324 7656, 324 84, 324 87, 324 95
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 1/00 Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00 constructional details particular to electromechanical arrangements for measuring the electric consumption G01R11/02
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 1/00 Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 1/10 of diodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/00 Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00

Abstract

A traveling wave detector and method of traveling wave signal detection employ a plurality of detector diodes connected according to different polarities with respect to adjacent ones of the detector diodes. The traveling wave detector includes a transmission line having an input end and a terminal end and the plurality of detector diodes connected as stated above and spaced apart along the transmission line. The traveling wave detector further includes a plurality of direct current (DC) blocks to define a series conduction path. The method of traveling wave signal detection includes rectifying a received incident signal using the traveling wave detector to produce a video signal at each of the detector diodes and summing the video signals along the series conduction path to produce an output video signal.

Claims

1. A traveling wave detector comprising:

a transmission line having a first conductor and a second conductor;

a plurality of detector diodes spaced apart along the transmission line between an input end and a terminal end of the transmission line, adjacent ones of the detector diodes being connected to the transmission line according to a different polarity with respect to one another;

a plurality of direct current (DC) blocks, DC blocks of the plurality of DC blocks being located alternately in the first conductor and the second conductor between the adjacent ones of the detector diodes to define a series conduction path through the plurality of detector diodes according to the different polarity connections; and

a video output port having a first terminal connected to the input end of the transmission line and a second terminal connected to the terminal end of the transmission line to bridge the series conduction path.

2. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, further comprising a low pass filter connected to filter a signal at the video output port.

3. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, wherein the transmission line is an artificial transmission line comprising a plurality of series inductors distributed along one or both of the first conductor and the second conductor of the artificial transmission line, the detector diodes being distributed between the series inductors along a length of the artificial transmission line, the detector diodes being connected as shunt elements between the first conductor and the second conductor, the DC blocks comprising series-connected capacitors.

4. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, further comprising a resistive termination connected in parallel with a detector diode of the plurality adjacent to the terminal end of the transmission line.

5. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, wherein a detector diode of the plurality comprises a backward tunneling diode.

6. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, wherein a transmission line impedance is varied along a length of the transmission line from the input end to the terminal end to differentially distribute a signal power of an input signal among the detector diodes of the plurality.

7. The traveling wave detector of claim 6, wherein the differential distribution of signal power provides about an equal distribution of signal power to each of the detector diodes.

8. The traveling wave detector of claim 1, wherein the transmission line comprises a coplanar waveguide (CPW), the first conductor comprising a central conductor of the CPW and the second conductor comprising adjacent ground plane conductors of the CPW, the detector diodes being connected between the central conductor and the adjacent ground plane conductor of the CPW, and wherein the DC blocks comprise capacitors that bridge gaps in the central conductor and the ground plane conductors between adjacent pairs of the detector diodes.

9. A traveling wave detector comprising:

a first diode-loaded transmission line (DTL) segment comprising a first detector diode and a first DC block, the first detector diode being connected according to a first polarity between a first conductor and a second conductor of a transmission line, the first DC block being located in the second conductor between an input of the first DTL segment and the first detector diode; and

a second DTL segment comprising a second detector diode and a second DC block, the second detector diode being connected according to a second polarity between the first conductor and the second conductor of the transmission line, the second DC block being located in the first conductor between an input of the second DTL segment and the second detector diode, the first polarity being different from the second polarity,

wherein the input of the second DTL segment is connected to an output of the first DTL segment at corresponding ones of the first and second conductors.

10. The traveling wave detector of claim 9, further comprising one or more additional DTL segments connected in series to an output of the second DTL segment, each of the additional DTL segments having a respective detector diode and a respective DC block connected to alternate as in the first DTL segment and the second DTL segment, wherein each additional DTL segment has an input connected to an output of a preceding DTL segment at corresponding ones of the first and second conductors along a length of the traveling wave detector.

11. The traveling wave detector of claim 9, wherein the detector diode of any of the first and second the DTL segments comprises a diode selected from a backward tunneling diode and a Schottky diode.

12. The traveling wave detector of claim 9, further comprising a video output port having a first terminal and a second terminal connected respectively to a first end and a second end of a conduction path through the first and second detector diodes of the interconnected first and second DTL segments, the conduction path being defined by the first and second DC blocks.

13. The traveling wave detector of claim 9, wherein the transmission line in the first and second DTL segments comprises an artificial transmission line, one or both of the first conductor and the second conductor being a series inductor.

14. The traveling wave detector of claim 9, wherein an impedance of each of the first and second DTL segments is varied along a length of the traveling wave detector from an input end of the traveling wave detector to a terminal end of the traveling wave detector, the impedance being varied to differentially distribute a signal power level among the first and second detector diodes of the first and second DTL segments, each of the first and second detector diodes to receive about an equal portion of a signal power of a signal incident on the input end of the traveling wave detector due to the differential distribution.

15. A method of traveling wave signal detection, the method comprising:

receiving an incident signal using a traveling wave detector, the traveling wave detector comprising a plurality of detector diodes and a plurality of direct current (DC) blocks, the detector diodes being spaced apart along a transmission line between an input end and a terminal end of the transmission line with adjacent ones of the detector diodes being connected between a first conductor and a second conductor of the transmission line according to a different polarity from one another, the plurality of DC blocks being located in the transmission line first and second conductors, the DC blocks being arranged to define a series conduction path through the plurality of detector diodes;

rectifying the incident signal with the detector diodes to produce a video signal at each of the detector diodes; and

summing the video signals produced at each of the detector diodes along the series conduction path to produce an output video signal at a video output port having a first terminal connected to the transmission line input end and a second terminal connected to the transmission line terminal end.

16. The method of traveling wave signal detection of claim 15, wherein a detector diode of the plurality comprises a backward tunneling diode.

17. The method of traveling wave signal detection of claim 15, wherein the transmission line is an artificial transmission line comprising a plurality of series inductors distributed along one or both of the first conductor and the second conductor of the artificial transmission line, the detector diodes being distributed between the series inductors along a length of the artificial transmission line, the detector diodes being connected as shunt elements between the first conductor and the second conductor, the DC blocks comprising series-connected capacitors located in and alternating between the first conductor and the second conductor to define the series conduction path.

18. The method of traveling wave signal detection of claim 15, further comprising filtering the output video signal using a lowpass filter.

19. The method of traveling wave signal detection of claim 15, wherein an impedance of the transmission line is varied along a length of the traveling wave detector from the input end to the terminal end to differentially distribute a signal power of the incident signal among the detector diodes of the plurality.

20. A traveling wave detector comprising:

a transmission line having an input end and a terminal end;

a plurality of detector diodes spaced apart along the transmission line between the input end and the terminal end, adjacent ones of the detector diodes being connected to the transmission line according to a different polarity with respect to one another;

a plurality of direct current (DC) blocks, the DC blocks to define a series conduction path through the plurality of detector diodes according to the different polarity connections; and

a video output port having a first terminal connected to the input end of the transmission line and a second terminal connected to the terminal end of the transmission line to bridge the series conduction path,

wherein the transmission line comprises a coplanar waveguide (CPW) having a first conductor comprising a central conductor and having a second conductor comprising adjacent ground plane conductors, the detector diodes being connected between the first conductor and the second conductor of the CPW, and wherein the DC blocks comprise capacitors that bridge gaps in the central conductor and that bridge ground plane conductors between adjacent pairs of the detector diodes.