Methods, systems and apparatuses for radio frequency identification

• US 9,652,646 B1
• Filed: 02/19/2014
• Issued: 05/16/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Brown, Dewey T., Byerly, Diane, Fink, Patrick W., Lin, Gregory Y., Ngo, Phong H., Chu, Andrew W., Kennedy, Timothy F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Negron, Daniell L
• Application Number:
  US14/184,278
• Time in Patent Office: 1,182 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 15/00 Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/75 using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders , or using passive reflectors
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07749 the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07758 arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07766 comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10009 sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10336 the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10356 using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10445 the record carriers being fixed to further objects, e.g. RFIDs fixed to packages, luggage, mail-pieces or work-pieces transported on a conveyor belt
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/3278 RFID or NFC payments by means of M-devices
• CPC Class Codes: G07G 1/009 the reader being an RFID reader
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/80 Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication

Abstract

A system for radio frequency identification (RFID) includes an enclosure defining an interior region interior to the enclosure, and a feed for generating an electromagnetic field in the interior region in response to a signal received from an RFID reader via a radio frequency (RF) transmission line and, in response to the electromagnetic field, receiving a signal from an RFID sensor attached to an item in the interior region. The structure of the enclosure may be conductive and may include a metamaterial portion, an electromagnetically absorbing portion, or a wall extending in the interior region. Related apparatuses and methods for performing RFID are provided.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) system, comprising:

an enclosure comprising an at least partly closed structure defining a boundary between an interior region, interior to the structure, and an exterior of the structure, the structure having an inner surface facing the interior region and an outer surface facing the exterior; and

at least one feed configured for (1) generating an electromagnetic field in the interior region in response to a first signal received from an RFID reader via at least one radio frequency (RF) transmission line, and (2) receiving, from at least one RFID sensor located in the interior region, a second signal generated in response to the electromagnetic field,

wherein at least a part of the outer surface is conductive or at least a portion of the inner surface is conductive, and

wherein at least a portion of the structure is formed of a metamaterial.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second signal is coupled from the at least one feed to the RFID reader, via the at least one RF transmission line, the system further comprising:

the RFID reader;

the at least one RF transmission line; and

a processor configured for (1) communicating with the RFID reader, and (2) analyzing the second signal that has been coupled from the at least one feed to the RFID reader, via the at least one RF transmission line.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

the at least one RFID sensor.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one RFID sensor comprises (1) an RFID integrated circuit and an antenna or (2) a surface acoustic wave circuit and an antenna.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the second signal contains information pertaining to a particular RFID sensor that generated the second signal.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the portion of the structure formed of a metamaterial is configured to prevent a short circuit boundary condition on at least a portion of the inner surface of the structure.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the portion of the structure formed of a metamaterial is configured to establish an open circuit boundary condition on a portion of the inner surface of the structure.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the portion of the structure formed of a metamaterial is configured to establish a generalized impedance boundary condition on a portion of the inner surface of the structure.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein a lateral dimension of the interior region is within a range of about one-quarter of a wavelength to about 25 wavelengths of the electromagnetic field.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the portion of the structure formed of a metamaterial comprises a wall extending within the interior region.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the structure includes a wall extending within the interior region, wherein the wall has two longitudinal sides and extends from a first portion of the inner surface of the structure across the interior region to or toward a second portion of the inner surface of the structure, with an electromagnetic aperture provided in the wall, so as to divide the interior region into two subregions on either longitudinal side of the wall, the two subregions configured for coupling with each other upon generation of the electromagnetic field in the interior region.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one feed comprises at least one feed probe, planar feed, or feed in the form of a closed shape.

13. The system of claim 1,

wherein the enclosure comprises a container configured for containing items, and

wherein the structure comprises a displaceable portion configured (1) for opening, so as to create an opening between the structure and the exterior, and (2) for closing, so as to close the opening between the structure and the exterior,

whereby an item may be transferred between the exterior and the container, via the opening.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the enclosure comprises a waveguide.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the enclosure comprises a cavity.

16. A radio frequency identification (RFID) method, comprising:

providing an enclosure, the enclosure comprising an at least partly closed structure defining a boundary between an interior region, interior to the structure, and an exterior of the structure, the structure having an inner surface facing the interior region and an outer surface facing the exterior;

generating, by at least one feed, an electromagnetic field in the interior region in response to a first signal received from an RFID reader via at least one radio frequency (RF) transmission line; and

receiving, by the at least one feed, a second signal generated in response to the electromagnetic field by at least one RFID sensor located in the interior region,

wherein at least a part of the outer surface of the structure is conductive, and

wherein at least a portion of the structure is formed of a metamaterial.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising;

coupling the received second signal from the at least one feed to the RFID reader, via the at least one RF transmission line; and

analyzing the coupled second signal.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one feed comprises at least one feed probe, planar feed, or feed in the form of a closed shape.

19. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

performing one or more of the following;

attaching the at least one RFID sensor to at least one item;

storing, on the at least one RFID sensor, information pertaining to the at least one item; and

causing the at least one item having the at least one RFID sensor attached thereto to be disposed in the interior region.