Variable frequency drive self-check

• US 9,654,048 B2
• Filed: 07/06/2015
• Issued: 05/16/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 01/23/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Trane International Inc. (Trane Technologies plc)
• Original Assignee: Trane International Inc. (Trane Technologies plc)
• Inventors: West, Nathan Thomas, Foye, David Marshall, Anderson, Korwin Jay, Shepeck, Matthew August, Sykora, Benjamin James
• Primary Examiner(s): Duda, Rina
• Application Number:
  US14/791,858
• Publication Number:
  US 20160056750A1
• Time in Patent Office: 680 Days
• Field of Search: 318798, 318800
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/42 AC power supplies
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/50 Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections testing of sparking plugs H01T13/58
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/52 Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/54 Testing for continuity
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/32 Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/458 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53871 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 1/022 Security devices, e.g. correct phase sequencing
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 29/024 Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 29/0241 the fault being an overvoltage

Abstract

Diagnostic and/or control methods, systems and apparatuses for variable frequency drives are disclosed. The variable frequency drive may be controlled by a controller that may conduct one or more tests or evaluations. The tests or evaluations may include determining whether a switching device in the variable frequency drive is open-circuited, short-circuited, or operating normally. The tests may include determining whether current provided at an inverter output of the variable frequency drive is within a predetermined range. An exemplary embodiment evaluates the drive for a short circuit condition, an open circuit condition, and a sensor error or failure condition, controls operation of the drive based upon these one or more evaluations, may abort operation of the drive based upon one or more evaluations, and may set a fault code indicative of the type of error encountered.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

providing a variable frequency drive including a DC bus configured to provide a positive DC voltage and a negative DC voltage to an inverter, wherein the inverter includes one or more pairs of transistors, wherein an upper transistor of the one or more pairs of transistors is configured to receive the positive DC voltage and a lower transistor of the one or more pairs of transistors is configured to receive the negative DC voltage; and

before operating the variable frequency drive to drive a motor, operating a controller operatively coupled with the variable frequency drive to complete a set of pre-operation tests, the set of pre-operation tests performed by the controller comprising;

testing for a short circuit condition of one or more of the transistors including switching the transistors off, measuring a voltage at a node in electrical communication with an output of one or more of the transistors, and evaluating the voltage relative to a first expected value,

testing for an open circuit condition of one or more of the transistors including switching the transistors off, switching on one of the transistors, measuring a voltage at a node in electrical communication with an output of the transistor switched on, and evaluating the voltage relative to a second expected value, and

testing for a sensor error condition of one or more current sensors including switching on an upper transistor coupled to a first node and switching on a lower transistor coupled to a second node, measuring a first current at the first node and a second current at the second node, and evaluating the first current and the second current relative to one another.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first expected value is based on one of the positive DC bus voltage and the negative DC bus voltage.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the evaluating for a short circuit condition includes comparing the measured voltage to logic common, comparing one of the positive DC bus voltage and the negative DC bus voltage to logic common, and determining a presence or absence of a short circuit condition based on the two comparisons.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second expected value is based on one of the positive DC bus voltage and the negative DC bus voltage.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the evaluating for an open circuit condition includes comparing the measured voltage to logic common, comparing one of the positive DC bus voltage and the negative DC bus voltage to logic common, and determining a presence or absence of an open circuit condition based on the two comparisons.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the testing determines that there is a sensor error when the first current is not of equal magnitude to and not of opposite polarity to the second current.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

aborting starting of the variable frequency drive based upon determining one of a short circuit condition, an open circuit condition, and a sensor failure condition.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

measuring a third current at an output of the inverter when the transistors are switched off; and

recalibrating at least one of the one or more current sensors if the third current at the output of the inverter is not approximately zero amps when the transistors are switched off.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

storing an error code in a non-transitory memory indicating a type of error.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

starting the motor if no errors are detected.

11. A system, comprising:

a motor;

a variable frequency drive structured to provide AC power to the motor, wherein the variable frequency drive includes a DC bus and an inverter, the DC bus includes a positive DC rail and a negative DC rail, the inverter includes a switching device, and the switching device is coupled to the positive DC rail and the negative DC rail; and

a controller configured to execute a set of tests prior to operating the variable frequency drive to drive a motor, the set of tests performed by the controller comprising;

test for a short circuit of the switching device including turning the switching device off, determining an output voltage at a terminal in electrical communication with an output of the switching device, and evaluating the output voltage relative to a first reference value,

test for an open circuit of the switching device including turning the switching device off, turning on one at least a portion of the switching device, determining an output voltage at a terminal in electrical communication with an output of the portion of the switching device turned on, and evaluating the output voltage relative to a second reference value, and

test for a sensor failure of one or more current sensors including measuring a first current at a first terminal of the switching device and measuring a second current at a second terminal of the switching device, and evaluating the first current and the second current relative to one another.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the switching device comprises multiple pairs of transistors.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the switching device includes at least one insulated gate bipolar transistor.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to store an error code in a non-transitory memory indicating a type of failure that occurred.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein the motor is configured to drive a compressor of an HVACR system.

16. The system of claim 11, further comprising:

a positive DC voltage sensor to measure a voltage on the positive DC rail; and

a negative DC voltage sensor to measure a voltage on the negative DC rail,

wherein the first reference value is based on the voltage measured by one of the positive DC voltage sensor and the negative DC voltage sensor, and

wherein the second reference value is based on the voltage measured by one of the positive DC voltage sensor and the negative DC voltage sensor.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the evaluating for a short circuit includes comparing the measured voltage to a common reference voltage, comparing the voltage on one of the positive DC rail and the negative DC rail to the common reference voltage, and determining a presence or absence of a short circuit based on the two comparisons.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the evaluating for an open circuit includes comparing the measured voltage to a common reference voltage, comparing the voltage on one of the positive DC rail and the negative DC rail to the common reference voltage, and determining a presence or absence of an open circuit based on the two comparisons.

19. The system of claim 11, wherein the test for a sensor failure determines that there is a sensor failure when the first current and the second current are at least one of not equal magnitude and not opposite polarity.

20. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to:

abort starting of the motor if there is at least one of a short circuit, an open circuit, and a sensor failure.

21. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to:

receive a third current measurement from one of the one or more current sensors at an output of the inverter when the switching device is turned off; and

adjust one of the current sensors if the third current measurement is not within a predetermined range.

22. An apparatus, comprising:

a non-transitory computer readable medium configured with instructions executable by a controller to perform a set of tests as pre-conditions on operation of the variable frequency drive to drive a motor, the set of tests comprising;

a first test for a short circuit of a switching device in an inverter including turning the switching device off, measuring an output voltage of the switching device, measuring a voltage of a DC bus coupled to the inverter, and evaluating the switching device output voltage and the DC bus voltage relative to a reference value,

a second test for an open circuit of the switching device including turning on a portion of the switching device, measuring an output voltage of the portion of the switching device turned on, measuring the voltage of the DC bus, and evaluating the output voltage of the portion of the switching device turned on and the DC bus voltage relative to the reference value, and

a third test for a sensor failure of one or more current sensors including measuring a first current at a first node of the switching device and measuring a second current at a second node of the switching device, and evaluating the first current and the second current relative to one another.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the switching device comprises at least one transistor.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the controller is configured to store a code in a non-transitory computer readable medium that indicates whether a short circuit condition, an open circuit condition, or a sensor failure occurred.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the reference value is logic common.

26. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the DC bus includes a positive rail coupled to the switching device and a negative rail coupled to the switching device.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the test for a sensor failure determines that there is a sensor failure when the first current and the second current are at least one of not equal magnitude and not opposite polarity.

28. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions when executed by the controller further cause the controller to:

preclude the inverter from providing power to a motor if there is at least one of a short circuit, an open circuit, and a sensor failure.

29. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions when executed by the controller further cause the controller to:

adjust one of the one or more current sensors if a current measurement is not within a predetermined range when the switching device is turned off.