Secondary battery including separator containing electroconductive porous layer sandwiched between electroconductive material-free porous layers

• US 9,660,240 B2
• Filed: 07/07/2011
• Issued: 05/23/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 07/07/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Ueki, Tomoyoshi, Shimamura, Harunari, Fukumoto, Yusuke
• Primary Examiner(s): Cullen, Sean P
• Application Number:
  US14/130,993
• Publication Number:
  US 20140162109A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,147 Days
• Field of Search: 429144
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/417 Polyolefins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/457 comprising three or more layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/489 Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/491 Porosity
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/581 in response to temperature
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Provided is a very safe secondary battery that can prevent the occurrence of battery abnormalities even when the internal battery temperature increases due to, for example, overcharging. A separator 70 in this secondary battery has a laminated structure that is provided with at least two porous layers 76A, 72, 76B, wherein one of these layers forms a porous electroconductive layer 72 in which an electroconductive material 74 is dispersed in the porous layer.

Claims

1. A secondary battery comprising:

a positive electrode;

a negative electrode; and

a porous separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,

wherein the separator has a porous electroconductive layer in which an electroconductive material is dispersed, and two electroconductive material-free porous layers laminated on opposite sides of the porous electroconductive layer,

the melting point of a polymer constituting the porous electroconductive layer is lower than the melting point of a polymer constituting both of the two electroconductive material-free porous layers,

an average particle diameter of the electroconductive material present in the porous electroconductive layer is not larger than an average pore diameter of both of the two electroconductive material-free porous layers, and

the average pore diameter of both of the two electroconductive material-free porous layers is not larger than an average pore diameter of the porous electroconductive layer, and

wherein the porous electroconductive layer and the two electroconductive material-free porous layers are configured such that a plurality of electroconductive pathways are formed, connecting the positive electrode to the negative electrode, when an internal temperature of the secondary battery increases due to overcharging.

2. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the polymer constituting the porous electroconductive layer is polyethylene and the polymer constituting both of the two electroconductive material-free porous layers is polypropylene.

3. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein thr electroconductive material is a carbon material.

4. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average pore diameter of the porous electroconductive layer is 0.1 μ

m to 1 μ

m, the average pore diameter of both of the two electroconductive material-free porous layer is 0.05 μ

m to 0.5 μ

m, and the average particle diameter of the electroconductive material present in the porous electroconductive layer is 0.01 μ

m to 0.1 μ

m.

5. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode contains a lithium transition metal complex oxide as a positive electrode active material, the negative electrode contains a negative electrode active material, and the secondary battery comprises an electrolyte solution that contains a lithium salt.

6. The secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein, when the porous electroconductive layer is made 100 mass %, the percentage content of the electroconductive material present in the porous electroconductive layer is greater than 3 mass % and less than 50 mass %.

7. The secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the percentage content of the electroconductive material is from at least 8 mass % to not more than 40 mass %.