Magnetic field sensor and method for sensing relative location of the magnetic field sensor and a target object along a movement line

• US 9,664,497 B2
• Filed: 12/15/2014
• Issued: 05/30/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Inventors: Kerdraon, Thomas, Vuillermet, Yannick, Friedrich, Andreas P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vazquez, Arleen M
• Assistant Examiner(s): Shah, Neel
• Application Number:
  US14/570,357
• Publication Number:
  US 20150176962A1
• Time in Patent Office: 897 Days
• Field of Search: 324202, 3242072, 32420711-20726, 324244-262
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 7/14 for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures G01B7/30 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 2205/18 using magnetic means not otherwise provided for in this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/145 influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields see G01R33/06
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/0005 Geometrical arrangement of magnetic sensor elements; Apparatus combining different magnetic sensor types G01R33/0206 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/06 using galvano-magnetic devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/072 Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications

Abstract

A magnetic field sensor with a magnet is disposed proximate to a ferromagnetic target object having at least one ferromagnetic surface. The magnetic field sensor is operable to sense a relative location between the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along a movement line. In some embodiments, the target object is also spinning about a rotation axis parallel to the movement line. A corresponding method is described.

Claims

1. A magnetic field sensor, comprising:

a magnet operable to generate a DC magnetic field; and

first and second magnetic field sensing elements operable to sense first and second influenced magnetic fields, respectively, related to the DC magnetic field but influenced by at least one ferromagnetic surface upon a ferromagnetic target object, wherein the first and second magnetic field sensing elements are disposed proximate to the at least one ferromagnetic surface, wherein the first and second magnetic field sensing elements are also operable to generate corresponding first and second electronic signals related to the first and second influenced magnetic fields, respectively, wherein a difference of amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is related to a relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along a movement axis, wherein a change of the relative location is indicative of a relative displacement of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic object, and wherein the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is not related to a rotation of the ferromagnetic target object about a rotation axis passing through the ferromagnetic target object.

2. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface consists of only first and second ferromagnetic surfaces upon the ferromagnetic target object, and wherein the first and second electronic signals are responsive only to the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces, respectively.

3. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have opposite signs and equal angles relative to the movement axis.

4. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have opposite signs and unequal angles relative to the movement axis.

5. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have equal signs and unequal angles relative to the movement axis.

6. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the ferromagnetic target object is operable to spin about a rotation axis parallel to the movement axis, wherein the first and second electronic signals are not substantially influenced by the spin.

7. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

8. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces form a groove or a ridge.

9. The magnetic field sensor of claim 8, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are flat.

10. The magnetic field sensor of claim 8, wherein at least one of the first ferromagnetic surface or the second ferromagnetic surface is curved in at least one dimension.

11. The magnetic field sensor of claim 8, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces intersect at a vertex, and wherein a dimension of the first ferromagnetic surface perpendicular to the vertex is different than a dimension of the second ferromagnetic surface perpendicular to the vertex.

12. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are proximate surfaces, wherein a straight tangent line is tangent to both of the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces.

13. The magnetic field sensor of claim 12, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are flat.

14. The magnetic field sensor of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first ferromagnetic surface or the second ferromagnetic surface is curved.

15. The magnetic field sensor of claim 12, wherein a dimension of the first ferromagnetic surface in a direction perpendicular to the tangent line is different than a dimension of the second ferromagnetic surface in the direction perpendicular to the tangent line.

16. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein curvatures of the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are selected to provide an output signal from the magnetic field sensor that is linear with respect to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

17. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

a linearization module coupled to the differential amplifier, wherein the linearization module is operable to generate a linearized signal that is linearly related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

18. The magnetic field sensor of claim 17, further comprising:

a clamping module coupled to the linearization module and operable to generate a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the linearized signal.

19. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

a clamping module coupled to the differential amplifier and operable to generate a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the differential signal.

20. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is linear with respect to the relative location along the movement axis.

21. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, further comprising:

a linearization module operable to generate a linearized signal indicative of a linearization of the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals with respect to the relative location along the movement axis.

22. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the ferromagnetic target object is operable to spin about an rotation axis parallel to the movement axis, wherein the first and second electronic signals are not substantially influenced by the spin.

23. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

24. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface is flat.

25. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface is curved in at least one dimension.

26. The magnetic field sensor of claim 25, wherein the curvature of the at least one ferromagnetic surface is selected to provide an output signal from the magnetic field sensor that is linear with respect to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

27. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

a linearization module coupled to the differential amplifier, wherein the linearization module is operable to generate a linearized signal that is linearly related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

28. The magnetic field sensor of claim 27, further comprising:

a clamping module coupled to the linearization module and operable to generate a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the linearized signal.

29. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, further comprising:

a differential amplifier coupled to receive the first and second electronic signals and configured to generate a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

a clamping module coupled to the differential amplifier and operable to generate a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the differential signal.

30. A method of sensing a relative location of a magnetic field sensor and a ferromagnetic target object along a movement axis, comprising:

generating a DC magnetic field;

placing a first magnetic field sensing elements proximate to at least one ferromagnetic surface of the ferromagnetic target object;

placing a second magnetic field sensing elements proximate to the at least one ferromagnetic surface of the ferromagnetic target object;

sensing, with the first and second magnetic field sensing elements, first and second influenced magnetic fields, respectively, related to the DC magnetic field but influenced by the at least one ferromagnetic surface; and

generating, with the first and second magnetic field sensing elements, corresponding first and second electronic signals related to the first and second influenced magnetic fields, respectively, wherein a difference of amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis, wherein a change of the relative location is indicative of a relative displacement of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic object, and wherein the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is not related to a rotation of the ferromagnetic target object about a rotation axis passing through the ferromagnetic target object.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface consists of only first and second ferromagnetic surfaces upon the ferromagnetic target object, and wherein the first and second electronic signals are responsive only to the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces, respectively.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have opposite signs and equal angles relative to the movement axis.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have opposite signs and unequal angles relative to the movement axis.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces have first and second slopes relative to the movement axis, wherein the first slope and the second slope have equal signs and unequal angles relative to the movement axis.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein the ferromagnetic target object is operable to spin about an rotation axis parallel to the movement axis, wherein the first and second electronic signals are not substantially influenced by the spin.

36. The method of claim 31, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

37. The method of claim 31, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces form a groove or a ridge.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are flat.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein at least one of the first ferromagnetic surface or the second ferromagnetic surface is curved in at least one dimension.

40. The method of claim 37, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces intersect at a vertex, and wherein a dimension of the first ferromagnetic surface perpendicular to the vertex is different than a dimension of the second ferromagnetic surface perpendicular to the vertex.

41. The method of claim 31, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are proximate surfaces, wherein a straight tangent line is tangent to both of the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are flat.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein at least one of the first ferromagnetic surface or the second ferromagnetic surface is curved.

44. The method of claim 41, wherein a dimension of the first ferromagnetic surface in a direction perpendicular to the tangent line is different than a dimension of the second ferromagnetic surface in the direction perpendicular to the tangent line.

45. The method of claim 31, wherein curvatures of the first and second ferromagnetic surfaces are selected to provide an output signal from the magnetic field sensor that is linear with respect to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

46. The method of claim 31, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

generating a linearized signal that is linearly related to a relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising:

generating a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the linearized signal.

48. The method of claim 31, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

generating a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the differential signal.

49. The method of claim 31, wherein the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals is linear with respect to the relative location along the movement axis.

50. The method of claim 31 further comprising:

generating a linearized signal indicative of a linearization of the difference of the amplitudes of the first and second electronic signals with respect to the relative location along the movement axis.

51. The method of claim 30, wherein the ferromagnetic target object is operable to spin about an rotation axis parallel to the movement axis, wherein the first and second electronic signals are not substantially influenced by the spin.

52. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

53. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface is flat.

54. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one ferromagnetic surface is curved in at least one dimension.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein the curvature of the at least one ferromagnetic surface is selected to provide an output signal from the magnetic field sensor that is linear with respect to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

56. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

generating, using the difference signal, a linearized signal that is linearly related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis.

57. The method of claim 56, further comprising:

generating, using the linearized signal, a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the linearized signal.

58. The method of claim 30, further comprising:

generating a difference signal as a difference between the first and second electronic signals, wherein an amplitude of the difference signal is related to the relative location of the magnetic field sensor and the ferromagnetic target object along the movement axis; and

generating, using the difference signal, a clamped signal corresponding to a restricted amplitude range of the differential signal.