Thermoelectric-based battery thermal management system

• US 9,666,914 B2
• Filed: 03/05/2015
• Issued: 05/30/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Gentherm Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Gentherm Incorporated
• Inventors: Bell, Lon E., LaGrandeur, John, Davis, Stephen
• Primary Examiner(s): Cullen, Sean P
• Application Number:
  US14/639,921
• Publication Number:
  US 20150244042A1
• Time in Patent Office: 817 Days
• Field of Search: 429120, 429 72, 429156
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/64 Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/61 Types of temperature control
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/613 Cooling or keeping cold
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/615 Heating or keeping warm
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/637 characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching means for preventing undesired use or discharge H01M50/572
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/653 characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6556 Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange closed pipes H01M10/6552
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6563 with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6568 characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6572 Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/24 adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion thermal insulation H01M10/658
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/249 specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles B60L50/64
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

In certain embodiments, a battery thermal management system includes at least one battery, at least one thermoelectric device in thermal communication with the at least one battery, and a conduit comprising an inlet configured to allow a working fluid to enter and flow into the conduit and into thermal communication with the at least one thermoelectric device. The conduit further comprises an outlet configured to allow the working fluid to exit and flow from the conduit and away from being in thermal communication with the at least one thermoelectric device. The battery thermal management system can further include a first flow control device which directs the working fluid through the inlet of the conduit and a second flow control device which directs the working fluid through the outlet of the conduit. The first flow control device and the second flow control device are each separately operable from one another.

Claims

1. A battery thermal management system comprising:

at least one battery;

a plurality of thermoelectric assemblies in thermal communication with the at least one battery, each thermoelectric assembly comprising a plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein a first thermoelectric assembly of the plurality of thermoelectric assemblies is in electrical communication with a second thermoelectric assembly of the plurality of thermoelectric assemblies; and

a circuit in electrical communication with the first thermoelectric assembly and the second thermoelectric assembly, the circuit capable of being selectively switchable to place the first thermoelectric assembly and the second thermoelectric assembly either in series electrical communication or parallel electrical communication with one another in response to at least one parameter, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one temperature of a working fluid that flows into thermal communication with the at least one battery by circulating the working fluid using a fluid control device.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first thermoelectric assembly are in series electrical communication with one another and at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second thermoelectric assembly are in series electrical communication with one another.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of thermoelectric assemblies are selectively operable to either heat or cool the at least one battery.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the circuit is selectively switchable to adjust current flow through the first thermoelectric assembly and the second thermoelectric assembly.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first thermoelectric assembly are in parallel electrical communication with one another and at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second thermoelectric assembly are in parallel electrical communication with one another.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first thermoelectric assembly are in series electrical communication with one another and at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the first thermoelectric assembly are in parallel electrical communication with one another.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second thermoelectric assembly are in series electrical communication with one another and at least some of the plurality of thermoelectric elements of the second thermoelectric assembly are in parallel electrical communication with one another.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature of the working fluid of the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a working fluid inlet temperature, a working fluid outlet temperature, or a temperature differential between fluid inlet and outlet.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises at least one of a temperature difference between a conditioning side and a heat rejection side or a fluid control device temperature.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises a temperature of the at least one battery.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises at least one of a voltage of the at least one battery or an electrical current of the at least one battery.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises a dimensional change of the at least one battery.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises at least one of a fluid flow rate of the working fluid or a fluid velocity of the working fluid.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one parameter further comprises at least one of a fluid control device speed, a fluid control device voltage, and a fluid control device electrical current.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one temperature of the working fluid of the at least one parameter comprises a temperature differential between fluid inlet and outlet.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the working fluid is circulated relative to the plurality of thermoelectric assemblies using the fluid control device.

17. The system of claim 1, further comprising a monitor configured to monitor the at least one parameter.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the monitor is proximate to the at least one battery.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the monitor is on a surface of the at least one battery.

20. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a first meter configured to measure a first electrical voltage or current of the first thermoelectric assembly;

a second meter configured to measure a second electric voltage or current of the second thermoelectric assembly or a system meter configured to measure electric voltage or current of both the first and second thermoelectric assemblies; and

at least one monitor configured to monitor an electrical comparison parameter dependent on the first electrical voltage or current and the second electrical voltage or current,

wherein the circuit is capable of changing electrical power supplied to the plurality of thermoelectric assemblies in response to the electrical comparison parameter.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the electrical comparison parameter comprises a value of the first electrical voltage or current divided by the second electrical voltage or current.