Error control coding for orthogonal differential vector signaling
First Claim
1. A method of transmitting information over a multi-wire data bus, the information being transmitted as a series of vector codewords of a vector signaling code, each vector codeword encoded by a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, the method comprising, for each vector codeword:
- receiving a first set of physical signals representing the information;
forming a second set of physical signals based, at least in part, on the first set of physical signals wherein the second set of physical signals represents an enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding of the first set of physical signals, the enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding providing an error-performance level coding gain, and the second set of physical signals comprises at least one more signal than the first set of physical signals;
forming a third set of physical signals based, at least in part, on the second set of physical signals and a set of columns of the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, wherein the third set of physical signals represent a weighted sum of the set of columns, each column corresponding to a respective signal of the second set of signals, wherein each column of the set of columns (i) has elements that sum to zero, (ii) is mutually orthogonal and (iii) is orthogonal to a common-mode all one column, the set of columns and the common-mode all one column collectively forming the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix; and
providing the third set of physical signals for transmission over the multi-wire data bus at a transmission power level having an energy per information bit that provides an error performance level that is greater than an error performance level of a differential signal having an equal amount of energy per information bit.
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Abstract
Using a transformation based, at least in part, on a non-simple orthogonal matrix, data may be transmitted over a data bus in a manner that is resilient to one or more types of signal noise, that does not require a common reference at the transmission and acquisition points, and/or that has a pin-efficiency that is greater than 50% and may approach that of single-ended signaling. Such transformations may be implemented in hardware in an efficient manner. The transformation may be combined with methods from forward error correction to lower the required transmission power.
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Citations
27 Claims
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1. A method of transmitting information over a multi-wire data bus, the information being transmitted as a series of vector codewords of a vector signaling code, each vector codeword encoded by a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, the method comprising, for each vector codeword:
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receiving a first set of physical signals representing the information; forming a second set of physical signals based, at least in part, on the first set of physical signals wherein the second set of physical signals represents an enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding of the first set of physical signals, the enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding providing an error-performance level coding gain, and the second set of physical signals comprises at least one more signal than the first set of physical signals; forming a third set of physical signals based, at least in part, on the second set of physical signals and a set of columns of the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, wherein the third set of physical signals represent a weighted sum of the set of columns, each column corresponding to a respective signal of the second set of signals, wherein each column of the set of columns (i) has elements that sum to zero, (ii) is mutually orthogonal and (iii) is orthogonal to a common-mode all one column, the set of columns and the common-mode all one column collectively forming the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix; and providing the third set of physical signals for transmission over the multi-wire data bus at a transmission power level having an energy per information bit that provides an error performance level that is greater than an error performance level of a differential signal having an equal amount of energy per information bit. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A method of transmitting information over a multi-wire data t incorporating multiple signal paths, the information being transmitted as a series of vector codewords, each vector codeword encoded by a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, the method comprising:
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receiving input signals representing the information; allocating the input signals to a plurality of input signal subsets; forming a plurality of a second set of signals corresponding to the plurality of input signal sets wherein the second set of physical signals represents an enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding of the first set of physical signals, the enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding providing an error-performance level coding gain, each of the plurality of the second set of signals based at least in part on a corresponding one of the plurality of input signal subsets, at least one of the plurality of second signal sets being a function of at least one of the corresponding input signal subsets, wherein at least one of the second sets of signals has at least one more signal than the corresponding input signal subset; forming a plurality of transmission sets of signals corresponding to the plurality of second signal sets, each of the plurality of the transmission sets of signals based at least in part on a corresponding one of the plurality of second signal subsets, at least one of the plurality of transmission sets of signals being transformed from at least one corresponding second signal subset in accordance with a set of columns of the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, the at least one transmission set of signals representing a weighted sum of the set of columns, wherein each column is weighted with a corresponding signal of the corresponding second signal subset, and wherein each column (i) has elements that sum to zero, (ii) is mutually orthogonal and (iii) is orthogonal to a common-mode all one column; and providing the plurality of transmission sets of signals for transmission over the multi-wire data bus at a transmission power level having an energy per information bit that provides an error performance level that is greater than an error performance level of a differential signal having an equal amount of energy per information bit. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22)
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23. A method, using a non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix, of processing a series of received signals received from a multi-wire data bus as a series of vector codewords, comprising, for each signal:
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receiving a first set of physical encoded signals on the multi-wire data bus; forming a second set of physical signals based, at least in part, on the first set of physical encoded signals and a set of columns of the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix using a circuit that represents the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix wherein the second set of physical signals represents an enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding of the first set of physical signals, the enlarged minimum Hamming or Euclidean distance encoding providing an error-performance level coding gain, wherein the second set of physical signal comprises at least one fewer signal than the first set of physical signals, wherein each column of the set of columns (i) has elements that sum to zero is mutually orthogonal and (iii) is orthogonal to a common-mode all one column, the of columns and the common-mode all one column collectively forming the non-simple orthogonal or unitary matrix; and
,providing the second set of physical signals as received information encoded into the physical encoded signals at a transmission power level having an energy per information bit that provides an error performance level that is greater than an error performance level of a differential signal having an equal amount of energy per information bit. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27)
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Specification