User identification system based on plethysmography

• US 9,668,676 B2
• Filed: 12/30/2013
• Issued: 06/06/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Culbert, Daniel J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Flores, Leon
• Application Number:
  US15/038,419
• Publication Number:
  US 20160296142A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,254 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02438 with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/117 Identification of persons methods or arrangements for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints, G06F18/00, G06V40/00; identification of persons by analysing their voice or speech G10L17/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1171 based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6824 Arm or wrist
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6898 Portable consumer electronic devices, e.g. music players, telephones, tablet computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7246 using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/32 using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/017 Gesture based interaction, e.g. based on a set of recognized hand gestures interaction based on gestures traced on a digitiser G06F3/04883
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/10 Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/15 Biometric patterns based on physiological signals, e.g. heartbeat, blood flow
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/28 Recognition of hand or arm movements, e.g. recognition of deaf sign language static hand signs G06V40/113

Abstract

A light emitter and light sensor pair can be used to determine one or more characteristics of a user'"'"'s vasculature. For example, a pulse oximeter employs a light emitter and a light sensor to measure the percentage of oxygenated blood in a subject. In examples of the present disclosure, light emitters and light sensors can be used to perform biometric identification of a user based on identifying characteristics of the user'"'"'s vasculature. For example, light information can be obtained at one or more light sensors, and the information can be compared to stored information associated with a user identity. Based on the comparison, the user of the device can be identified as having the user identity.

Claims

1. A method of an electronic device including a plurality of light sensors and light emitters, the method comprising:

receiving first light information at a first light sensor co-located with a first light emitter of at least a first wavelength, the first light information based on a reflection of light emitted by the first light emitter, wherein receiving the first light information includes receiving a plurality of first light information data points over a plurality of collection times;

receiving second light information at a second light sensor co-located with a second light emitter of at least a second wavelength, different from the first wavelength, the second light information based on a reflection of light emitted by the second light emitter, the second light sensor and the second light emitter separate and distinct from the first light sensor and the first light emitter, respectively,

wherein receiving the second light information includes receiving a plurality of second light information data points over the plurality of collection times;

for each of the plurality of collection times, associating the first information with the collection time to the second information associated with the collection time;

generating a scatterplot using the associations of the first information to the second information with the collection time;

comparing the generated scatterplot to a stored scatterplot;

determining one or more physical characteristics of a vasculature of a user based on the comparison; and

identifying the user of the electronic device based on the one or more physical characteristics of the vasculature.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving motion information of the electronic device;

based on the motion information, determining a gesture of the electronic device performed during a first time period; and

based on the determination of the gesture, selecting the first and second light information received during the first time period for use in identifying the user of the electronic device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying the user of the electronic device based on the first and second light information includes comparing the first and second light information to stored light information associated with the gesture.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

determining the first time period based on the determination of the gesture, wherein selecting the first and second light information received during the first time period is based on the determination of the first time period.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

comparing the first and second light information to stored light information associated with a user identity; and

determining that the first and second light information matches the stored light information based on the comparison;

wherein identifying the user of the electronic device includes identifying the user as having the user identity based on the determination that the first and second light information matches the stored light information associated with the user identity.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the user of the electronic device includes determining that the user of the electronic device does not have an identity authorized to use the device.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving motion information of the electronic device from one or more motion sensors;

based on the motion information, determining a gesture of the electronic device performed during a time period;

determining an initiation time and a finish time included in the time period of the gesture; and

storing the light information in association with the gesture and the identity of the user of the electronic device.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein identifying the user includes comparing the scatterplot to a stored light information.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the scatterplot to the stored light information includes matching a pattern of the scatterplot to a pattern of the stored light information.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical characteristics includes a percentage of oxygenated blood in the user.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more physical characteristics includes a volume of blood present in a skin of the user.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

comparing the identified user to a user identity; and

allowing the user to access one or more features of the electronic device when the identified user matches the user identity.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the generated scatterplot to the stored scatterplot includes comparing a shape of the generated scatterplot to a shape of the stored scatterplot.

14. An electronic device, comprising:

a first light emitter configured to emit at least a first wavelength;

a second light emitter configured to emit at least a second wavelength;

a first light sensor co-located with the first light emitter and configured to detect a reflection of light emitted by the first light emitter;

a second light sensor co-located with the second light emitter and configured to detect a reflection of light emitted by the second light emitter; and

a processor configured to;

receive first light information from the first light sensor including receiving a plurality of first light information data points over a plurality of collection times;

receive second light information at the second light sensor including receiving a plurality of second light information data points over a plurality of collection times;

for each of the plurality of collection times, associating the first information with the collection time to the second information associated with the collection time;

generating a scatterplot using the associations of the first information to the second information with the collection time;

comparing the generated scatterplot to a stored scatterplot;

determine one or more physical characteristics of a vasculature of a user based on the comparison; and

identify a user of the electronic device based on the physical characteristics of the vasculature.

15. The electronic device of claim 14, further comprising:

a mechanical sensor configured to receive motion information of the electronic device, wherein the processor is further configured to;

determine a gesture of the electronic device performed during a first time period based on the motion information, and

select the first and second light information received during the first time period for use in identifying the user of the electronic device based on the determined gesture.

16. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

compare the first and second light information to stored light information associated with the determined gesture.

17. The electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine the first time period based on the determination of the gesture, wherein selecting the first and second light information received during the first time period is based on the determination of the first time period.

18. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:

compare the first and second light information to stored light information associated with a user identity; and

determine whether the first and second light information match the stored light information based on the comparison,

wherein identifying the user of the electronic device includes identifying the user as having the user identity based on the determination that the first and second light information matches the stored light information associated with the user identity.

19. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the mechanical sensor is one or more of an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an altimeter, a barometer, and a global positioning system.

20. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein one or more of the first light emitter and second light emitter are configured to emit one or more of infrared, green, amber, blue, and red light.